478 FRUIT CULTURE IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 



Orange de Nice (Citrus aurantium niceme). Differs but slightly from 

 the above ; it is a favorite because of the keeping qualities of the fruit, 

 and the readiness with which a graft from it starts. 



Orange de Malte (Citrus aurantium Melitense). Skin dark yellow, 

 shading into red ; the pulp may be red in part or wholly. It is consid- 

 ered to be a hybrid between the Franc and some East Indian species. 



Orange a pulp rouge (Citrus aurantium Hierochunticum). The skin of 

 this orange is always yellow, never red, but the pulp is dark red. This 

 variety differs little from the preceding in appearance and form. 



Mandarin (Citrus madurensis or Citrus deliciosa) Already well 

 known in California. Here it is one of the hardiest varieties. 



Orange bigaradier Franc (Citrus bigaradia) Root long, branchy, 

 bearded, light colored outside, yellowish within. Trunk straight, gray, 

 ish, branches bushy, covered with long greenish thorns. Young sprouts 

 are pale green, angulous, like most of the genus; leaves elliptic or ob- 

 long, narrow, acuminate, lightly notched in the upper part, wavy, a tine 

 green, and carried on stems more or less winged. Flowers in clusters, 

 have calix angulous, five petals, taste slightly bitter, from thirty to 

 thirty-five stamens partly adherent at the base. Ovary round or stri- 

 ated, surmounted by a style, terminated by a tuberculous stigma. The 

 fruit is of average size, round or slightly elongated, smooth or some- 

 times rough, flattened at the end, yellow to reddish orange color. The 

 peel is bitter, very fragrant, clinging to the pulp, which is yellow and 

 divided into twelve or fourteen parts ; its juice is not very palatable, 

 bitter acid taste. The seeds are oblong, sharp, and yellow. The tree 

 grows here to the height of about 27 feet ; flowers in May and some- 

 times in autumn ; fruit ripens slowly. Neroli is distilled from its 

 flowers, and from its dried peel the liquor cura9oa is made. 



Orange de Chine, bigaradier, or Chinois (Citrus bigaradia sinensis). A 

 valuable dwarf variety, about 12 feet high ; resists the cold well. The 

 orange is used for preserves or candied fruit and a water is distilled 

 from its flowers. 



Bergamotier ordinaire (Citrus Bergamia vulgaris). The bergamotier 

 is naturally lofty, plenty of branches, but the branches are so brittle that 

 the head of the tree is rarely well-filled out or regular. Its leaves 'are 

 oval, oblong, some pointed, others obtuse, average size, green, th^ lower 

 surface whiter than any other orange leaf, leaf stems long and winged. 

 Flower white, small, fragrant, scattered or united in clusters, borne 

 on very short stems. Fruit good sized, usually pyramidal, rarely round, 

 yellow, smooth, glossy. It has an agreeable fragrance peculiar to 

 itself, peel thin, 'pulp yellowish green. This variety is chiefly valuable 

 for the essential oil obtained from its flowers and peel. 



LEMONS. 



Lemons being generally seedlings, a very large number of varieties 

 are produced, which even proprietors of orchards do not try to distin- 

 guish. Twenty or thirty varieties have been classified. 



