482 FRUIT CULTURE IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 



which is found particularly upon the young branches, has, according to 

 M. Signoret, the lobes at the abdominal extremity detached and appar- 

 ent and the finabriate scales long ; the last abdominal segment is elon- 

 gated. The shell of the adult female is spherical, yellowish white in 

 color, with internal organs yellow, and a large quantity of eggs. The 

 shell of the male is more elongated. Raising the shell of the mother 

 when the little ones are being hatched, numerous small white larvae 

 running quite fast among the eggs, yet unopened, can be seen. These 

 resemble the Phylloxera, excepting in color. The male is quite com- 

 mon, his head is notched in front, the antennae are long, thorax rounded 

 and broad. 



Lecanium flesperidum (Auctorum). This insect is clothed with a solid 

 cuirass. It is elongated in form ; its color a yellow brown. It adheres 

 firmly to the leaves and is difficult to distinguish from them. Its an- 

 tenna have six articulations, legs slender, claws very long, genito anal 

 ring surrounded by six bristles. Larvae long, with six articulations in 

 each of antennae. The male has not been described. Examinations of 

 the female show embryo but no eggs, which gives rise to suggestion that 

 she may be viviparous. 



Lecanium olece (Bernard). Brown, with deep body and two raised 

 transverse lines on the back, almost heart-shaped ; the antennae have 

 eight articulations; yellow at first, they become black. The female lays 

 her eggs and shelters them under herself in great quantities. 



The methods in use by the best gardeners for the destruction of this 

 form of pest is to powder the tree with a mixture of sulphur and plas- 

 ter from April, and to brush trunks, branches, and fruit during the win- 

 ter. Washing with waters, saline, alkaline, or acid, which might harm 

 the plant, are given up ; syringing with medicinal liquids is also dis- 

 couraged. Carbolic acid, turpentine, or petroleum dilutions are pre- 

 ferred for brushing on, the latter as the cheapest with water in propor- 

 tions of 1 to 30. These should be applied at night in spring. It is also 

 recommended to wash the trunk with lime water and to cut off* and 

 burn on the spot at night the small branches too much attacked to be 

 cured. Another author advises the use of nitrobenzine, but the essen- 

 tial things seem to be plenty of light and air through and among the 

 trees, and, above all, protection from wild birds. 



Lepidoptera. Acrolepea citri (Millere). Tincidae described bV Mil- 

 liere and Eangouet. The female probably lays her eggs, which are 

 round and of a bright yellow color, near the bud. The young larva soon 

 hatches; it is at first to the naked eye a yellowish white, and retains 

 this color some time : at the moment of its final transformation, when it 

 is largest, its body is yellowish green in color, which is particularly 

 noticeable in the hollow of each ring and on the under parts. The head, 

 dark brown, has antennae, or horns. The eyes are very apparent. A 

 marked distinction between this insect and the Prays-oleellus is that the 

 latter has upon the first thoracic ring two bright black spots, which are 



