564 FRUIT CULTURE IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 



turbid, grayish in color, and of bad smell 5 the bark then raises, drying 

 or rotting on the roots, and the plant, which commences turning yellow, 

 weakens and dies. 



Eecent studies of this disease have proved that its existence is to be 

 attributed to a microscopic fungus belonging to the group of spheroids. 

 Where this fungus does not exist there is no disease ; where the germs 

 of it do not reach the disease can not unfold itself 5 and where the con- 

 ditions of life are wanting for this small vegetable, whether proceeding 

 from nature or occasioned artificially, the fungus dies and the disease is 

 extirpated. The fruit of this fungus forms itself about the end of July 

 or August, being preserved during the winter for propagating its spores 

 in the spring. 



The best remedy against this disease, and which from experience has 

 given the best result, is sulphurous acid, mixing 15 bulks of sulphurous 

 acid, concentrated at 66 Bauine", with 100 liters of water. 



Method of application. Remove the earth round about the tree for 

 the circumference of a meter or so, until no diseased roots are met with. 

 The hole should then be dug deeper, but with great care, so as not to 

 injure the sound roots near the trunk, to about the depth of half a meter 

 if possible. The earth extracted should be piled up to burn it in a hor- 

 miguero. All the roots that have completely lost their bark should be 

 cut off, as also those which are in a state of putrefaction, and these 

 roots should be burned. Afterwards all the sickly portions of the 

 trunk, until the bark is saturated, are well moistened with the prepared 

 liquid, as are likewise the diseased parts of the roots that may be met 

 with in such condition. It is estimated that about five liters are suffi- 

 cient, and another five liters for irrigating in the vicinity of the tree. 

 The hole is then filled up either with the burned earth or with new soil, 

 and afterwards watered lightly. 



Ten liters of this water saturated with sulphurous acid are more than 

 sufficient for a tree somewhat grown, but practice will teach the greater 

 or less quantity that should be employed. 



BlCHARD LOWENSTEIN, 



Consular Agent. 

 UNITED STATES CONSULAR AGENCY, 



Grao of Valencia, June 30, 1883. 



WESTERN ANDALUSIA. 



REPORT BY CONSUL OPPENHEIM, OF CADIZ. 

 (Republished for Consular Reports, No. 41|.) 

 ORANGE CULTURE IN WESTERN ANDALUSIA. 



In pursuance of instructions contained in Department circulars, dated 

 Washington, December 4, 1883, I have the honor to inclose herewith 



