692 FRUIT CULTURE IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 



their pulp is easily severed from the nut and has a violet color, its 

 compounds are : 



Pulp 56.02 



Water 14.38 



Skin 9.38 



Nut 20.16 



Oil from the nut 06 



Total 100.00 



From experiments made it results that one hectoliter (2.83 bushels) 

 contains from 48,000 to 50,000 olives, the difference being ascribed to 

 the variety, according to soil, climate, and season. Olives accumulated 

 for some weeks might number 54,000 or 56,000 per hectoliter (2.83 

 bushels). 



The " queen olives of commerce n are considered in Tuscany as the 

 selected fruit of the common olive. 



There is no system of artificial irrigation in use for olive culture in 

 Tuscany. 



The annual rain-fall in this district is about 1.067 mm , equal to about 

 42 inches. 



Official statistics show that the following countries import olive oil 

 from Italy, ranking in importance as to quantity of oil as named : France, 

 England, Austria, Russia, South America, United States, Netherlands, 

 Turkey, Sweden and Norway, Denmark, Portugal, Belgium, Greece, 

 Switzerland, Egypt, Brazil, Algiers, etc. Barrels, bottles, or tin cans 

 are used to hold the oil. 



In Tuscany there are three prevailing diseases which seriously affect 

 the olive tree, viz : 



Lupa, meaning literally wolf, but actually being a description of dead 

 rot, produced very often by excessive pruning. To cure this the affected 

 parts are gouged out and a hardening liquid preparation applied, that 

 the circulation of sap may continue. 



Mosca dell olivo (the olive fly). This insect lays its eggs into the olive 

 itself, and when the deposit is discovered the olives are gathered im- 

 mediately. Should the eggs be allowed to remain the fruit is much 

 deteriorated, if not ruined. The eggs are red, and therefore easily dis- 

 covered, i 



Bruco dell olivo (the olive grub). This insect is the most dangerous 

 enemy to the olive tree here, consuming the sap and thereby drying up 

 branches and buds. When discovered the tree must be thoroughly 

 pruned, all the foliage removed, and every portion containing the insect 

 burned or buried away from the plantation. 



ZONE FOR THE CULTURE OF OLIVE TREE. 



The zone in which the Oliva Europcea is most appreciated and its 

 culture most remunerative is on the shores of the Mediterranean. The 



