OLIVE CULTURE IN SPAIN. 703 



(S) Tip- A small tree, throwing out but few brandies ; very 



hardy, and then-tore adapted to a cold climate- is chiefly raised in 

 Navarre and in Aragon; requires light and fertile soil, plenty of humid- 

 ity and manuring, under which conditions it is a most prolific bearer; 

 if matures early, and is by many considered as one of the most desira- 

 ble varieties ; the fruit yields good oil, and is also excellent for pickling. 

 Dimensions and weight are: length, 28 millimeters; diameter, 16 milli- 

 meters : weight of pulp, 3.2 grams; of stone, 0.8 gram. 



(9) The Racimal: A medium-sized tree ; resists a cold climate well, and 

 thrives lairly even on poor soil ; makes oil of a fair quality, though 

 leaving much refuse in pressing; is given to "off years;" the fruit 

 matures very early, probably earlier than that of any other variety. 

 Dimensions and weights are : length, 23 millimeters ; diameter, 15 

 millimeters ; weight of pulp, 3 grams; of stone, 0.7 gram. 



(10) The Varal negro : A fair-sized tree, with straight and large bran- 

 ches; only thrives in well-sheltered spots, as it hardly resists a tempera- 

 tuie lower than 5 Cent., especially when followed by a quick thaw; 

 found sparingly in Jaeu and Cordoba ; requires very careful pruning and 

 cultivation, and bearing limbs should be ringed; yields good oil; is 

 objected to on account of its being given to " off years ;" in good years, 

 however, it is a large bearer, and the fruit matures early. Dimensions 

 and weight are: length, 25 millimeters; diameter, 17 millimeters; 

 weight of pulp, 2.2 grams ; of stone, 0.9 gram. 



(11) The Gordal. A tree of large size, and fine, vigorous branches, 

 also a very quick-growing variety ; is one of the kinds most generally 

 distributed throughout Spain; is largely cultivated in Andalusia and 

 in the central provinces ; requires good soil, manuring, and much culti- 

 vation in order to bear well; resists the cold very well, matures early, 

 and is a prolific, regular bearer; the fruit is good both for oil and for 

 pickling, and its dimensions and weight are : length, 23 millimeters ; di- 

 a meter. 18 millimeters; weight of pulp, 3.7 grams; and of stone, 0.5 

 gram. 



(12) The Verdejo. A tree of medium size, with a tendency to dwarf 

 considerably if not well cared for; is found chiefly in Catalonia, Log- 

 rofio, and Madrid; very hardy and resistant to cold; the yield will be 

 in proportion to fertility of soil and the care given to cultivation; is 

 generally used for pickling only ; is not an early maturing variety. 1 )i- 

 m-nsioiis and weight of fruit are: length, 22 millimeters; diameter, 12 

 millimeters ; weight of pulp, 3.1 grams ; of stone, O.G gram. 



(13) The Madrileno. A medium-sized tree, of symmetrical appear- 

 ance, limbs arching over; found chiefly in the south and in the mari- 

 time zone ; its name appears to be a misnomer, as it is not cultivated in 

 Madrid or in the central provinces generally ; requires good cultivation 

 and cautious pruning; the. fruit is excellent for pickling, next to the 

 'queen " in si/**, and of d<-li-ious flavor ; gives i'.tir oil, but only yields 

 a Miiall quantity in j>r'.p,>rti..n to tin- weight of its pulp; matuivs late 



