704 FRUIT CULTURE IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 



and is not prolific. Dimensions aud weight of fruit are: length, 35 mil- 

 limeters ; diameter, 28 millimeters ; weight of pulp, 11 grams ; of stone, 

 1 gram. 



(14) The Cornicabra, also called the Cornezuelo, the largest olive tree 

 known, having strong, straight branches, is found all over Spain, but 

 is most numerous in the central provinces ; gives better oil than any 

 of the other late-maturing varieties, which, however, as a class, are in 

 that respect much inferior to the early-maturing species; is very resist- 

 ant to cold and matures very late (it requires 3.978 of heat, vide infra) ; 

 production is variable. Dimensions and weight of fruit are : length, 39 

 millimeters; diameter, 19 millimeters; weight of pulp, 4 grams.; of stone, 

 3 .2 grams. 



(15) The Picudo. A medium sized tree, with luxuriant limbs, placed 

 obliquely on the trunk. Like the above, it is most frequent in the central 

 districts; bears a fruit which is very much prized for pickling, and has 

 besides the peculiarity of being a " clear-stone " olive ; a fair bearer, 

 but matures late, though earlier than the variety immediately preced- 

 ing. Dimensions and weight of fruit are: length, 30 millimeters ; diam- 

 eter, 18 millimeters ; weight of pulp, 3.2 grams; of stone, 1 gram. 



(16) The Nevadillo negro. A medium-sized tree, very luxuriant, and 

 with short and distorted limbs ; is largely cultivated in the province of 

 Jaeu, where it is prized above all other varieties ; produces most plentiful 

 and excellent oil ; with careful cultivation and good soil it is a large and 

 regular bearer ; matures late ; the fruit is pointed and much bent at the 

 distal end, causing this end to point at a right angle from the axial line. 

 Its dimensions and weight are : length, 23 millimeters ; diameter, 15 

 millimeters ; weight of pulp, 3.6 grams ; of stone, 0.7 gram. 



Every one of the above-mentioned varieties can be reproduced in 

 several ways, which will be further descanted on when describing the 

 mode of planting. The. most generally adopted modes of propagation 

 are either by planting estacas, which are round, large limbs specially 

 raised for the purpose on the parent tree, as thick as a man's arm and 

 from 2 to 3 meters long, or gar rotes, which are shoots of from 70 to 90 

 centimeters in length, two of such shoots being usually planted in one 

 pit. By the first system the trees bear after three years, but with (jar- 

 rotes it takes usually from six to eight years. Full bearing is in the 

 larger varieties not reached before twenty to thirty years after planting. 

 With the small and dwarf varieties twelve to fifteen years may be nearer 

 the truth. The maximum of growth is, at least with all large varieties, 

 not reached before eighty years, and individual trees, either on account 

 of especial vigor or favorable surroundings, keep on growing for cent- 

 uries, reaching gigantic size. A French writer mentions three enor- 

 mous olive trees standing near Tarascon. In the hollow trunk of one 

 of them twenty persons could stand next each other, and another had 

 branches 16 meters long. The trees were reputed to be nine hundred 

 years old. The trees standing on the Mount of Olives, near Jerusalem, 



