820 FRUIT CULTURE IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 



plant this vine in bad land. Moreover, Mr. Vialla ne^er observed it in Texas in 

 lands rich in carbonate of lime. It has not yet been tried in other lands, and should 

 it be an object to find a process of rapid multiplication, the trials of adaptation, 

 which have been made with other varieties successfully, must be recommenced. 



V. Arizonica. This vine is very rustic and a strong resistant of phylloxera. It is 

 employed in California as a graft-bearer, and not cultivated in France. 



It grows spontaneously in California and Arizona on very dry hills, stony and cal- 

 careous. 



If it was more vigorous, it would perhaps have some value for lands of Groie. We 

 have planted a dozen roots in Champagne. They grew yellow a little, but without 

 degenerating. It is not in any case a vine to multiply. 



V. Calif ornica. This vine is of no value either in France or America. It dies of 

 phyloxera, and samples we cultivated in Champagne turned rapidly yellow. 



V. Berlandieri. It has been in France for some time ; resists phylloxera very well, 

 a nd makes a good graft-bearer. Until now it has but little multiplied in France, on 

 account of the difficulties to propagate it from slips that easily break. It has, how- 

 ever, been proved to grow well in bad lands even where there was much lime. On 

 Dr. Bavin's lands it grows in chalky soil. The same may be said of the experiments 

 made by Mr. Planchon in loam, composed of four ingredients and very calcareous. Its 

 grafts were really remarkable. The same is seen at some places in the Charente 

 Sufirieure, where it remains deep green, while numerous varieties around it turned 

 yellow. Nothing more was known about this vine, when Mr. Vialla discovered it in 

 America in Texas, in soil analagous to the calcareous land of Charente and of Cham- 

 pagne. The various experiments I have made show that it will resist a strong dose 

 of calcaire. 



In our experimental fields four hundred roots planted show no trace of chlorosis. 

 It is the same in other parts of the Charente Infe'rieure, while numerous varieties, 

 recommended for calcareous soil, even the Folle Blanche, planted in equally good con- 

 ditions, have not escaped phylloxera. It is not yet known whether these hopes will be 

 realized or not. It is objected that in the beginning this vine is feeble, but, later, it 

 is strong, and compares favorably with the most vigorous graft-bearers. It is prop- 

 agated by slips of a year's growth. This system is excellent, and it is advisable to 

 multiply it by grafted slips. This way, I hoped, last year would overcome the diffi- 

 culty. But it failed. The grafted slips succeeded no better than the slips. It is 

 preferable to graft slips of Berlandieri from 30 to 35 centimeters long, or even 

 shorter, on French or American stalks. They grow very well. The slip planted in 

 good soil, leaving one or two eyes above ground, take root at once, but the Belan- 

 dieri soon throws off a certain number of roots. Very fine roots are thus obtained. 

 Grafts with only one eye have not succeeded, and the issues from them have not had 

 sufficient strength. A preceding report, all that was interesting to relate of the hy- 

 brids of Berlandieri and French vines, was given, so far as chalky land is concerned. 

 Numerous experiments have verified these previsions. 



We shall see, in the next place, that even if Berlandiera can not play any great 

 part as graft bearer in chalky lands, it is not the same with these hybrids. 



HYBRIDS American hybrids. Hybrids that result from crossing American vines 

 are very numerous. The best known are Solonis, York-Madeira, Huntington, Cham- 

 pins, N^vo-Mexicana, Cordifolia-Rupestris, Riparia- R up estris, Rupestris ^Estivalis, Cin- 

 erea Rnpestris, etc. 



Solonis. This vine is, according to Mr. Millardet, a hybrid of Riparia-Rupestris 

 and Caudicans; of Riparia and Caudicans only, according to Mr. Vialla. In either 

 case Solouis is a graft-bearer that is less exposed to chlorosis in chalky lands, as well 

 as in flinty and cold soils. The reason is not to be found in the aptitude of its gen- 

 erators. Riparia and Rupestris are not, as has been seen, adapted to calcareous soil. 

 Mustang (V. Caudicans} is even better, although doubted. It is a vine with acquired 

 qualities by hybridation, ard tliis is common to all hybrids. Solonis, in very cal- 

 careous soil, develops well generally when not grafted, and is not excessively chlo- 



