824 FRUIT CULTURE IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 



bonate of lime, and it is also successively cultivated iu lands of marl, where the recon- 

 struction of the vineyards with Riparia, Rupestris, Solonis, and Vialla was checked. It 

 has been seen in several chalky lands around Cognac, aged from three to eight years, 

 Tery fine and green; while by its side Noah, the famous American hybrid, the savior 

 of Chareutes, was stunted. 



Canada also resists chlorosis. It has been seen in bad land of Groie, subsoil marl, 

 to grow well, very green; by the side of herbemonts very feeble. The same with 

 Triumph, etc. Thus we see that these vines by right of origin are well qualified for 

 our lands (except as to their resistance to phylloxera). Their American generators 

 arc JEstivalis, Cinerea, Labrusca, and Riparia, all sensible to chlorosis, and we can ex- 

 pect to do even better with crossings of Berlandieri or other species resisting phyl- 

 loxera with our native vines. And by selecting those adapted to calcareous soils, 

 such as Folle- Blanche, St. Emilion, Ugni-Blanc, St. Peter, Colombo, Pinet, etc., the suc- 

 cess would seem to be assured for the most calcareous soils. These hybrids ofier 

 much interest. In my opinion, after several experiments, hybrids Franco-American 

 and V. Berlandieri are sure to reconstruct chalky soils. Hybrids V. Berlandieri by 

 French are among the most remarkable. In several of our fields of Champagne Ber- 

 landieri by Roussaune, Cabernet, Sultanieli, Aramon, Malbec, etc., have not turned 

 yellow, but have all retained a very bright green color. They are not all, however, 

 equally vigorous and a choice must be made. A few received from the school of 

 Montpellier are feebler than Rupestris hybrids by French ones. But their vegetation 

 is more vigorous than Jurancon Folle-Blanche planted by their side. French hybrids 

 by Rupestris vegetate better than the preceding and are of equal foliage. They are 

 certainly the most vigorous hybrids yet known. 



At the school at Montpellier they have had for some years Rupestris xAlicaute- 

 Bouschet of unheard-of growth, and it succeeds in our trial fields very well. 



Among other plants of the same group which grow finely, Aramon-Rupestris-Gauzin 

 may be here mentioned. They turn a little yellow in chalky soil around Cognac, but 

 very little. Gamay-Condei'c is also very strong and green in our trial fields and else- 

 where. One of the finest is Rupestris- Cabernet, of Mr. Millardet, then Gros Coleman- 

 Rupestris, Aramon X Rupestris, Alicante- Bouschet X Rupestris, Petit Bouschet X Reparia, 

 etc. There are also diverse hybrids of Rupestris by French vines in other trial fields 

 which have been established in chalky lands of Champagne and Groie identical to 

 these, which are still greener and more vigorous. These I have myself proved. 

 Hybrids of value are not formed from Vitis-Cordi folia. They turn yellow a little less 

 than Cordifolia, but can not be relied on, and the same may be said of hybrids from 

 Cinerea. Crossings between these and our French vines have not succeeded. The 

 samples sent to me have almost all turned yellow. Hybrids Riparia are very vigor- 

 ous and not very liable to chlorosis. 



The complex hybrids of American vines, York, Othello, Solonis, Clinton, Taylor, 

 etc., and French are not strong and some turn yellow. The following is the order of 

 preference to be given to vines, according to their strength and foliage, which I have 

 carefully observed in our experimental fields and elsewhere in identical lands : 



First. Those strongest and greenest : Cabernet X Rupestris, Gros Colman X Rupestris, 

 Colombean X Rupestris Martin on Gamay-Condere, Canada X Rupestris, Aramon X Ru- 

 pestris- Ganzin, Petit -Bouschet X Riparia, etc. 



Second. Very green and not so strong. V. Berlandieri, Folle-Blanche, Aramcn X 

 Berlandieri, Malbec X Berlandiei'i, Cabernet-Berlandieri, Sultanieh X Berlandieri, Rous- 

 sonne Berlandieri, and a few other hybrids of French vines, with Berlandieri V. Mon- 

 ticola. 



Third. Very strong, but a little yellow. Ruparia-Rupestris, No. 10875 Ruparia- 

 Rupestris of Jaeger, and a few numbers of the Montpellier school. In Groie they do 

 not turn yellow. 



Fourth. Less strong and more subject to chlorosis, Riparia-Ramond. Diverse hy- 

 brids of V. Cordifolia, Riparia, York, Othello, with sundry French vines, may be 

 joined to this group. 



