THE VINE IN TURKEY. 863 



Irrigation. When any system of irrigation exists at all in this coun- 

 try it is generally of the most primitive kind, such as trenches supplied 

 with water by the aid of the manganos, or water-wheels of the natives. 

 But properly speaking there is no system of artificial irrigation usually 

 employed, and as a rule the cultivators depend mainly on the showers 

 and dews, which generally feed and refresh the vines during their 

 growth. Of course advantage is taken of springs or small streams that 

 may exist in the neighborhood of the vineyard to secure as long as pos- 

 sible a sufficient supply of water from such natural sources, and where 

 they exist the vines are generally well watered, and as often as they 

 require to be. 



Yield. The crop varies according to the nature of the soil, the sea- 

 sous, the position of the vineyard, and the degree of care and attention 

 bestowed on the vines. An acre of good vine-growing land in Turkey 

 will, as has been proved by repeated experiments, give from 616 to 880 

 gallons of wine. It is estimated that when the vineyards held by French 

 companies at Oinurtshed and Heraclea, which contain about 10,000 

 acres, have attained full maturity, their vintage will be about 6,160,000 

 gallons. 



The following is an estimate of the cost of laying out a one-acre vine- 

 yard, with the working expenses, for five consecutive years, and the 

 probable profits during the first five years if cultivated according to the 

 French system : 



Trenching, etc $116.16 



Planting 4,000 vines, hoeing, etc., first year 38.72 



Digging, pruning, hoeing, etc., second year 38.72 



193. 60 

 Less 60 gallons wine, at 70 cents 42.00 



Loss 151.60 



Digging, pruning, hoeing, etc., third year 38.72 



190.32 

 Less 140 gallons wine, at 70 cents 98.00 



Loss 92.32 



* pruning, hoeing, etc., fourth year 38.72 



131.04 

 Less 300 gallons wine, at 70 cents 210.00 



Profit , 78.96 



To be placed against cost of plant, cellar, casks, etc 78. 96 



Digging, pruning, hoeing, etc., fifth year 38.72 



Less 500 gallons wine at 70 cents 350. 00 



Profit fifth year 311.28 



