866 FRUIT CULTURE IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES. 



Holland they go in cases of 30 ami 60 pounds. The "Large Black" 

 raisins are generally exported in barrels of about 370 pounds each, and 

 the Erl Kara of Smyrna are shipped in sacks.' 



Freights. The freight charged by steamers for raisins is at present $8 

 to $8.50 per ton, but it is sometimes as high as $10.32 per ton to Liver- 

 pool for small lots. Freights are not quoted to the United States, as 

 there is no direct trade. 



Besides the foregoing, some five or six thousand tons of grapes are 

 converted into wine exported annually from Smyrna. Considerable 

 quantities of wine are also exported from Rouraelia, principally through 

 Constantinople to France, where it is converted into French clarets, but 

 the quantities have not been ascertained. 



Among the other districts which produce considerable quantities of 

 grapes may be mentioned that of Broussa, the islands of the Archipel- 

 ago, and Eoumelia. During the season 1881- 7 82 the '.vine produced in 

 the Kirkillisia region alone was 3,581,907 gallons. The vilayet of Trebi- 

 zond produced in 1882, 3,790,300 pounds of grapes, but very little in 

 any shape was exported. 



G. H. HEAP, 

 Consul- General. 



UNITED STATES CONSULATE GENERAL, 



Constantinople, April 10, 1884. 



SALONICA. 



REPORT BY CONSULAR AGENT LAZARO. 

 [Repuhlished from Consular Reports No 41|.] 



Situation. The best position of vineyards is the hill-side lands of the 

 interior, at least 2 miles from the sea-coast. 



There are some places on the plain where mist and fogs occasion mil- 

 dew, for which sulphur flour is used. 



Pruning. The vines are pruned in the month of February. 



Soil. The soil where the best results are obtained is a pebbly, sandy 

 loam, and on warm, south-side positions. 



Cultivation. The ground is hoed in ridges once a year, and is after- 

 wards weeded. Before the grapes are ripe the ends of the vine are 

 pruned 1 yard from the root to give strength to the plant. 



Maturity. Vines bear fruit the third year and are in full bearing the 

 fourth. When well tended they remain fruitful for fifty years and over. 



Irrigation. Irrigation is not practiced in this district. 



Yield. The yield varies With the position. The best fruit is grown 

 on dry soil, but it is less abundant. Generally the yield is from 3J to 

 10 tons per acse per annum. Prices vary from $15 to $20 per ton of 

 2,000 pounds. The cultivation of vineyards costs about $28 per acre 

 per annum. 



