FOR PROFIT. 69 



In six years' time, the two trees immediately beneath 

 the standards can be transferred to other land, and 

 will, if removed with care, in October or early in 

 November^ suffer little from lifting, and in the second 

 year after will produce heavy crops. After the sixth 

 season the orchard would be left with a permanent 

 crop of Dwarf and Standard Apples at i2-ft. apart. 

 The Dwarfs at some future time might be cut away. 

 When the Standards are established and strong, the 

 land should be laid to grass, and thus fodder for 

 sheep keep, and a top crop of Apples could be secured 

 annually. Until the Dwarf trees cover the land, 

 Potatoes may be grown between the rows, or Lily of 

 the Valley, Violets, Wallflowers, or Daffodils. But if' 

 land is cheap, the space may remain without crop,< 

 and the roots will benefit greatly from the run of all 

 the land. Weeds must be kept down. Where Standards 

 only are planted no corn crop must be taken, but 

 soft fruits may be placed between them for some years. 

 The plantation should be dug in December or January, 

 each year, and be kn6cked over and stirred with a 

 prong hoe in March. 



Oxen and horses should not be allowed in young 

 orchards. Shelter can be quickly obtained by planting 

 outside rows of Damsons or Bush Plums (the latter a 

 Kent sort) with Crawford or Hessell Pears as an 

 inner line, at 12 -ft. apart, and this screen would pay 

 its way. If desired, Plums could be placed between 

 the Apple standards, and Gooseberries and Currants, 

 omitting the dwarf Apples. If the land is properly 

 prepared, Apples should need no manure for some 

 years, as the use of stimulants while the trees are 

 young is prejudicial, inducing a sappy un ripened 



