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being fatal. The cuttings require pushing down again 

 if they lift from the expansion of the soil after a 

 heavy frost ; the surface soil should be kept open by 

 using a small hoe between the rows to prevent undue 

 evaporation. October and November are good months 

 to begin, and in that case the cuttings can be selected 

 before the bushes are finally pruned ; after that time 

 it is better to defer placing them till the winter frosts 

 are over, though wet days, when the men cannot 

 work on the land, may be utilized by making cuttings, 

 the shoots having been previously taken off and laid 

 in sand or light earth, the cuttings, after making, 

 being returned to the soil, in rows (not in bundles, 

 which get dry in the centre), until required. Where 

 large plantations are grown, some bushes are always 

 wanted for replacing, and if any surplus remains they 

 can be sold. Raspberries are increased by lifting the 

 canes that spawn up away from the main stool. 



If any amateur wishes to try grafting and budding, 

 it can be done either by purchasing a few stocks, 

 which must have a year's growth in their quarters 

 before they are fit to graft, but they can be budded 

 in August, or by grafting on established trees, 

 recollecting that old trees of Plums graft badly, and 

 if such trees exist of sorts that are not required, they 

 should preferably be cut back and budded on the 

 young wood in August. 



