36 



GENERAL PRINCIPLES. 



Berries. These have soft, pulpy flesh, containing seeds 

 without capsules, as the gooseberry, currant, raspberry ', 

 strawberry, and grape. 



Nuts, or capsule fruit, as the filbert, chestnut, etc., the 



fruits of which are nuts contained in husks or cups, 



that when ripe, open and let the fruit drop. 



The outlines or forms of fruits and their colors exhibit 



great variations, even in the same species. Every portion 



of the fruit, the skin, flesh (C, fig. 41), core (D, fig. 41), 



(E) or stones, 

 (A), and in ker- 

 nel fruits the ct'yx 

 (B}, have all, in some 

 cases, marked peculi- 

 arities, and in other.3 

 more minute and 

 scarcely perceptible ; 

 but yet in a strictly 

 scientific study of -po- 

 mology, of more or 

 less service. It would 

 be foreign to the pur- 

 poses of this work to 

 notice these points in detail ; all that is deemed necessary, 

 useful, or appropriate, is to point out well-defined and 

 practical distinctions, and the terms ordinarily made use 

 of in popular descriptions. 



3d. Different Parts of the .Fruit: 

 The Base (A) is the end in which the stem is inserted. 

 The Eye (JB) is the opposite end, in tie apple, pear, etc., 



that have an adhering calyx. 

 The Neck, in pears, the contracted part near the stalk, as 



seen in fig. 49. 

 The Point is the end opposite the stem in stone fruits ; 



FIG. 41. 



Fig. 41, vertical section (f an apple, showing 

 its different parts. Jl, the base. B, the eye. 

 C, the flesh. JD, the core. E, the seed. A, stem. 

 B, calyx. 





