PROPAGATION BY GRAFTING. 



81 



the grafts, if they grow rapidly, are apt to be blown off 

 before they have united strongly to the stock. 



The great points to observe always are, /v 

 to have sharp instruments that will make 

 smooth clean cuts, to have placed in per- 

 fect contact the inner barks of scion and 

 stock, and the whole cut surface, and 

 every portion of the spKt 

 perfectly covered with the 

 composition, to exclude 

 air and water. The scion 

 should . always be cut 

 close to a bud at the 

 point (c, fig. 71), and have 

 a bud at the shoulder, or 

 point of union with the 

 stock (A, fig. Y3). 



In grafting the heads 

 of large trees, it is not 

 convenient to use the 

 composition in a melted 

 state, to be put on with 

 the brush, and the large cut surfaces cannot well be covered 

 with the cloth ; it is therefore better to use the composi- 

 tion in such a state that it can be put on with the hands. 

 A very small quantity of brick dust may be advantage- 

 ously mixed with it, when intended for this purpose, to 

 prevent its being melted by the sun. 



Double Working. When we graft or bud a tree al- 

 ready budded or grafted, we call it " double worked." 

 Certain very important advantages are gained by it. Some 

 varieties are of such feeble growth, that it is impossible to 

 make good trees of them in the ordinary way of working 

 on common stocks. In such cases, we use worked trees of 

 strong growing sorts as stocks for them. 



77.^ 78 I Kjr 



77 and 78, cleft grafting, large tree* or 

 branches. 77, the stock cut horizontally 

 at A. 78. the same, with two scions inserted. 



