126 



THE NUKSEKY. 



take measures to change their character. "We, therefore, 

 remove the small tapering portion of the root, as at fig 

 84, A ; and this ensures the production of lateral or 

 spreading roots near the surface of the ground. The 



pear roots espe- 

 cially are inclined 

 more to descend in 

 a straight line than 

 to spread ; and un- 

 less they are well 

 cut back when 

 young, they are 

 always difficult to 

 transplant safely 

 afterwards. Roots 

 that descend like 

 the prongs of a 

 fork, are usually 

 destitute of fibres; 

 whilst those that 

 spread out hori- 

 zontally, or near 

 the surface, are 

 well furnished with 

 fibres, that not 

 only make trees 

 easily transplnnt- 







Fio. 84. 



FIG. 85. 



Fig. 84, a seedling stock, one year's growth, as it . 



comes from the seed bed. The line at Jl, shows the d, but inclined to 

 shortening of the tap root. That at B, the shortening 

 of the stem before replanting. Fig. 85, a quince cutting 

 the cross lines on the stem and roots indicate the prun 

 ing before replanting. 



early frUltfulneSS. 



. * 



J-hlS Operation Oil 

 t ], e roo ts, it IS ol>- 



vious, destroys the natural balance or proportion that ex- 

 isted between them and the tops. Hence the necessity 

 for shortening the stem in a corresponding manner. But 

 even if the roots were not shortened, tho stems should ba 



