BUDDING, GKAFl'IKG, ETC. 



130 



iris removes the buds that would push first, and retains 

 the sap in the lower parts, which 

 will give a stout body. The taller 

 and more slender the tree, and 

 the smaller the buds, the farther 

 it becomes necessary to cut back. 

 In fact, some very feeble growing- 

 sorts must be cut back till within 

 a foot or less of the base. Dur- 

 ing the summer, trees cut back in 

 this way may produce lateral 

 shoots on the greater part of their 

 length. These must not be pruned 

 off, but kept in an uniform size 

 and vigor, by pinching any t^at 

 threaten to exceed their proper 

 bounds. The shoots immediately 

 below the leader, must be watch- 

 ed, as they are always inclined to 

 FIG. so. push too strongly. 



.ling tree ; fro.,, the ^ ^ fa^ cnt ^ ac ], an( J t }-, e 

 x the cutting bnck to 



make a stou, i ,* for a standard. B side branches regulated by pinch- 



mid S ( or t | l oVllra?rds aC V'ihe P cul" in g> will > in tlle faU haV6 & St llt 



ting back st* .twarfs or es } .aiiers. body, and present the appearance 



tofor 8 mt a runk / ifVa e !tandard UtbaCk ^ ^S" ^ Where the yearlings 

 are short and stout, and are fur- 

 nished with a few lateral shoots, cutting back may be 

 unnecessary. The largest of the side shoots may be 

 pruned off wholly, and the small ones left to retain the 

 pap in the lower part of the stem, at least till midsummer, 

 when new ones will have been produced. There are cer- 

 tain stout-growing, branching varieties of all the fruit-- 

 that require no shortening and very little priming of any 

 kind, to form stout trunks, and especially when not 

 planted too close. 



