148 THE NUESEKT. 



ground, and pegged down with small hooked sticks, as 

 they will root and form plants fit for removal much 

 quicker than if left to root in their own way. "With 

 good management, a single plant may produce twenty- 

 five to fifty, and even one hundred in one season. Plants 

 to be propagated from, should have abundance of space, 

 and a deep, rich soil. An application of liquid manure 

 will stimulate their vigor, and increase the number and 

 strength of the runners. 



5th. Raspberries are propagated from suckers, or shoots 

 produced from the collar, or spreading roots of the plant. 

 They are renewed every season. The canes bearing but 

 once, they may be propagated by layering the young 

 canes in midsummer, and by cuttings of the roots. The 

 latter mode is advantageously applied in the case of new 

 or rare sorts. 



6th. Berberries are propagated by seeds, suckers, and 

 layers, in the simplest manner. Rare sorts are also grafted 

 successfully on the common ones early in the spring, in 

 the cleft mode. 



Tth. Mulberries. The large black mulberry is the only 

 one worthy of culture for the fruit. It is easily propa- 

 gated both by cuttings and layers. The latter mode is 

 the surest. 



8th. Chestnuts. The common American chestnut may 

 be propagated from seeds either planted in the fall or 

 kept in sand all winter, and planted early in the spring. 

 In one season they are fit to transplant into nursery rows, 

 and in two years more at most may be finally planted 

 out. 



The Spanish chestnut is propagated either from seeds 

 or by grafting on the common chestnut. Its fruit is three 

 times as large as the common. 



9th. Filberts are propagated either from suckers or by 

 grafting. If seedlings are used for stocks, the grafted 



