188 PERMANENT PLANTATIONS. 



be provided in every garden, and be situated as near the 

 centre as possible, to be convenient to all parts. 



SELECTION OF TREES. 



1st. Their Form. We start upon the principle that, in 

 all cases, tall standard trees, such as are usually planted 

 in orchards, are totally unfit for the garden. This is the 

 one great and universal defect in American fruit garden- 

 ing. The trees for a fruit garden should be all either 

 dwarf standards, with trunks two to three feet high, 

 pyramids, branched from the ground, or bushes with 

 stems six to twelve inches high. Trees in these forms 

 are, in the first place, in keeping with the limited extent 

 of the garden, and convey at first sight the idea of fitness. 

 In the second place, they give a great variety on a small 

 space, for three or four such trees will not occupy more 

 space than one standard. In the third place, they are in 

 a convenient form for management, they are easily pruned 

 or protected, and the fruit is easily gathered and less 

 likely to be blown off than on tall trees. In the fourth 

 place, they bear several years sooner than standards, 

 especially pears and apples. 



Among the forms mentioned, the pyramid is certainly 

 the most beautiful ; and in the best fruit gardening 

 regions of Europe, where almost every conceivable form 

 of tree has been tried, it is to-day the most popular, 

 because it has proved the most advantageous and success- 

 ful. The apple for pyramids should be on the Doucain 

 stock. Certain varieties, such as the Hawthomdean, JKes- 

 wick Codling Summer Rose, Duchess of Oldenburg, and 

 many other moderate growers and early bearers, will 

 make good pyramids on free stocks, but they will require 

 more summer pruning and careful management to keep 

 their vigor under check than they would on the Doucain, 



