196 PERMANENT PLANTATIONS. 



fruit as soon as possible, and therefore the tree is allowed 

 to proceed in the defective form it assumed at the nur- 

 sery. 



For Dwarfs and Dwarf Standards, it is less difficult to 

 obtain the right sort of trees, for this is the form that nur- 

 sery trees that have not been cut back, ordinarily assume. 

 Those, therefore, who prefer such trees can always be sup- 

 plied with them well advanced, even in a bearing state if 

 so desired. As in the pyramid, however, persons who 

 intend to make models of their trees, will do well to pro 

 cure yearlings worked at the surface of the ground, for on 

 them heads or lateral branches can be formed without any 

 difficulty at any desired point between the collar and ter- 

 minal bud. Another consideration is worthy of note on 

 this point. There is a much greater risk in removing 

 three or four year old trees than yearlings, and they are 

 more difficult and expensive to pack and transport. . The 

 yearling is easily removed and easily transported, and its 

 growth is comparatively unaffected by the change. The 

 gardeners most famous for their handsome, well managed 

 fruit trees, invariably select yearling trees, that is, trees 

 that have made one year's growth from the bud or graft. 



Selection of Varieties. The selection of varieties of 

 fruits for a fruit garden should be made in view of all the 

 circumstances that can affect their usefulness. They 

 should be adapted to the soil, and more particularly to the 

 climate. It is well known that in every section of the 

 country, certain varieties seem to succeed remarkably 

 well, whilst others, of the greatest excellence elsewhere, 

 entirely fail. Our country is so extensive and embraces 

 such a variety of climate that it is impossible that the 

 same varieties should succeed equally well in all parts ; 

 and planters should consider this well. Those who have 

 had no experience in cultivation, nor a proper opportunity 

 for acquiring knowledge on this point, should consult oth 



