CHAPTEE IY. 



NURSERY, ORCHARD, AND FRUIT GARDEN IMPLE- 

 MENTS. 



THE following are the principal implements used in the 

 propagation, pruning, and cultivation of fruit trees : 



SECTION 1. IMPLEMENTS OF THE SOIL. 



The Subsoil Plough is the great reformer of the day ID 

 the preparation of soils of all qualities and textures, for 

 nursery, orchard, or garden trees. It follows the ordinary 

 plough in the same furrow ; and the largest size, No. 2, 

 with a powerful team, can loosen the subsoil to the depth 

 of eighteen inches. 'No. 1 will be sufficient in clear land 

 when the subsoil is not veiy stiff. 



The One-Horse Plough. Similar to the common plough 

 used by farmers. It is a labor-saving implement for cul- 

 tivating the ground among nursery trees or orchards 

 closely planted. The horse should be steady, the man 

 careful, and the whiffle-tree as short as possible, that the 

 trees need not be braised. It should neither run so deep 

 nor so near the trees as to injure the roots. 



The Cultivator. This with the plough obviates the 

 necessity of spade-work, and, in a great measure, hoeing. 

 If the ground be ploughed in the spring, and the culti- 

 vator passed over it once every week or two during the 

 summer, all the hoeing necessary will be a narrow strip 



