93 



Soiling together by external heat lime and .sulphur until a highly 

 htainecl, and which is then known as 

 iled ' ' MI- "commercial time-sulphur." This latter article 

 should have a gravity of i.jS or about 32 degree- I leaume 



;nnl when properly diluted can bo used as a winter or sum- 

 mer spray. 



In America lime-sulphur spray > are becoming more popular 

 every year, both for winter and summer use. and so satisfac- 

 torily have they been employed that many large orchardists have 

 entirely discarded I'.ordeaux mixture and other copper sprays in 

 favour of lime-sulphur. 



r winter spraying, good commercial lime-sulphur general- 

 ly requires diluting down in the proportion of 1-10 or 1-12 times 

 "nine with water, where; -praying it should 



be diluted down from 30-50 times. 



hard and fast rule can he laid down, as much depends 

 on the specific gravity of the commercial article, on the season, 

 and on the tenderness of the foliage that it is desired to spray. 



The specific gravity of the concentrated lime-sulphur should 

 first be determined by means of a hydrometer, a small instrument 

 which costs about 2/-. and which is furnished with a specific 

 gravity scale or Beaume scale. 



Having done this, it is next necessary to determine by ex- 

 periment what strength of sprav can be Used on the particular 

 foliage that it is desired to spray without causing injury. As 

 -i i>n as a >olution is found that is safe, its specific gravity should 

 be taken by means of the hydrometer which, in the case of apple 

 foliage when sprayed with lime-sulphur, will stand a solution of 

 ^pecific gravity. Having determined this for the particular 

 district in which the orchards are situated, it may happen that at 

 one time the commercial lime-sulphur is found to have a specific 

 gravity of 1.24 or 28 degrees T'eaume scale, while at another its 

 specific gravity is 1.28 or 32 degrees Beaume scale. 



In the former case, the number of dilutions required is 24. 

 while in the latter case it will be 28. These are obtained by 

 adding 23 and 27 volumes of water respectively. In other words. 

 the number of dilutions required is determined by dividing the 

 decimal of the concentrated liquid by the decimal of the spray 

 desired. 



In applying lime-sulphur sprays, it is especially important to 

 avoid over-drenching of the foliage, because the spray which 

 accumulates at the tips of the leaves from such over-drenching 

 is very likely to cause serious burning. If all parts of the trees 

 are. however, thoroughly and evenly coated no such burning 

 should occur. 



