LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS xv 



FIG. PAGE 



27. Brown Bear, a former native of Scotland . . . . . . .113 



28. Wolf a Scottish scourge exterminated about two centuries ago . . 117 



29. Foxes (Vixen and cubs) . 123 



30. WildCat _. --;. .. ';''... ' .... .'. ' . 125 



31. Golden Eagle . 129 



32. White-tailed Eagle or Erne, once common, now practically exterminated in 

 Scotland . ' 131 



33. Kite or Gled, once common, now exterminated in Scotland .... 135 



34. Garefowl or Great Auk (once a native of Scotland, now extinct) with its 

 solitary egg 143 



35. Bones of extinct Garefowl from kitchen-midden at Keiss, Caithness (Proc. Soc. 

 Antiq. Scot., vol. xni, 1879, pp. 78, 79) . .;. .' 145 



36. The decline of Tweed fisheries during fifty years (diagram) . . . .152 



37. European Beaver exterminated in Scotland 157 



38. Pine Marten approaching extinction in Scotland . . . . . .159 



39. Polecat and young approaching extinction in Scotland .... 163 



40. Decline of Polecat, as shown by skins and prices at Dumfries Fur Fair (diagram) 165 



41. Destruction of Rabbits/and Hares, as shown by skins on sale at Dumfries Fur 

 Fair (diagram) . . . . . . . . . . . .167 



42. Decadence of "vermin" Wild Cat, Marten and Polecat through twelve years' 

 work of one gamekeeper (diagram) 176 



43. "Catching the Badger" from a coloured plate after Alken . . . .185 



44. Artaxerxes Butterfly exterminated on Arthur's Seat . . . . .191 



45. Osprey or Fish Hawk practically exterminated in Scotland . . . .192 

 46.. Peregrine Falcon formerly protected for Hawking . : . . . 20 1 



47. Scottish Crested Tit increasing in numbers under protection . . .231 



48. Little Owl an introduction to Britain which has become a nuisance . . 255 



49. Cottony or White Scale attacked by Cardinal Ladybird 2^0 



50. Capercaillie reinstated in Scotland after extermination ..... 269 

 jr. Blue or Mountain Hares established in many new areas in Scotland . .281 



52. American Grey Squirrel acclimatized in many parts of Britain . . . 289 



53. Common Red Squirrel a former native of Scotland, reintroduced . . . 291 



54. Some deliberate introductions to Great Britain (diagram) .... 300 



55. Section of peat-moss showing relationship of prehistoric forests (after F. J. Lewis) 306 



56. Remains of Upper Forest of the Peat -roots of Fir Trees laid bare by wastage 



of peat, Findhorn Valley (photo by Geological Survey) 307 



57. Antlers and portion of skull of Red .Deer, unearthed in the Meadows, Edinburgh 

 (Proc. Soc. Antiq. Scot., vol. xv, 1*881, p. 41) 335 



58. Reindeer formerly natives of Scotland in Scottish Zoological Park (Guide to 

 Scottish Zoological 'Park, 1917, photo, F. C. Inglis) 339 



59. Fragmentary Antlers of Scottish Reindeer of Glacial Period, found at Kilmaurs, 

 Ayrshire 343 



60. Antlers and portion of skull of Elk, found at Airley wight, Perthshire (Proc. 



Soc. Anliq. Scot., vol. ix, 1873, p. 319) 347 



61. Great Spotted Woodpecker at one period exterminated as a nesting species in 

 Scotland 359 



62. Great Bustard formerly a native of Scotland . .... . . 366 



63. Quails once common in Scotland, now r scarce ...... 367 



64. Bittern banished from Scotland with the marshes . . . . 374 



65. Crane a former inhabitant of Scottish marsh-lands . . . . . 375 



66. Colorado Potato- Beetles . . . 387 



