SOME LESSER DOMESTICATED ANIMALS 87 



years before our era for in 1870 Dr Joseph Anderson re- 

 cognized the bones of dogs, along with those of other domes- 

 ticated animals, in the horned cairns of Ormiegill and Garry- 

 whin in Caithness; and in 1885, a skilled anatomist, Dr J. 

 G. Garson, of the Royal College of Surgeons of England, 

 identified remains of the dog from the chambered cairn near 

 Loch Stennis in Orkney. 



In later days the dog became more common. It occurs 

 in the Roman deposits at Newstead; the early Christians 

 carved its figure upon their symbol stones ; in a few under- 

 ground " Picts' " or " Eird " houses its remains have been 

 found jaws of dogs at Kildrummy in Aberdeenshire, and 

 bones at Nisibost in Harris ; shell-mounds and kitchen- 

 middens of various ages contain its bones, at Kirkoswald in 

 Ayrshire and near Seacliff in East Lothian, where several 

 dogs " of a large size" were represented, even to the six- 

 teenth century refuse-heap in the cloisters of the Nunnery 

 at lona, which revealed the presence of a small dog, probably 

 a pet of the inmates. The caves and rock shelters tell of 

 the presence of the dog, not only by actual remains as at 

 St Cyrus, at Oban, at St Ninian's Cave in Wigtownshire, and 

 in the rock-shelter at West Kilbride, where Prof. Clellancl 

 identified bones as belonging to an individual as large 

 as a shepherd's dog of to-day, but also, as at the Wemyss 

 Caves of Fife, by the abundant traces of tooth-marks and 

 chewed ends of bones of food animals, which leave no doubt 

 that a carnivore was constantly present on the rubbish heap 

 of the settlement. In the brochs, covering a period almost 

 to the ninth century, the dog is by no means common, though 

 it has been found in Sutherland (Cinn Trolla), Caithness 

 (Kettleburn and Keiss) and Orkney, but an interesting 

 feature of the broch remains revealed both at Keiss and 

 Kettleburn, is that two breeds of dogs were in the pos- 

 session of the inhabitants, some bones indicating "a large 

 species, larger than a pointer, others being of smaller dogs." 



Even if it be admitted that the dog reached Scotland a 

 domesticated animal, it seems nevertheless true that the 

 Scottish peoples paid much attention to and exercised con- 

 siderable influence on its development, a fact to be correlated 

 with another, that, as Boece tells, "the Scottis...set their" 

 ingine [ingenuity] to precell [excel] all uthir pepill in the 



