438 ANIMALS INTRODUCED UNAWARES 



pale yellowish brown German Cockroach (Phyllodromiager- 

 manicd] (Fig. 69, i), easily recognized by a couple of dark 

 bands along the shield-like plate which lies in front of the wings 

 (the pronotum). Whence this species originally came is not 

 known, but as its name implies, it has long been especially 

 abundant in Germany, from which centre of dispersal it has 

 endeavoured to dominate the world. Its secret diplomacy 

 has met with no little success, for it has insinuated itself into 

 almost every country in Europe, and in some localities, as 

 in Vienna, it seems actually to be displacing the formidable 

 "Black Beetle." In Britain it has formed well established 

 colonies in many towns, in London hotels, in a baker's shop 

 in Leeds, to which town it is said to have been brought by 

 soldiers returning after the Crimean War. In Scotland it 

 has been found in abundance in an hotel and a restaurant 

 in Edinburgh, is said to occur in all quarters of Glasgow and 

 has been recorded from Paisley. In many parts of the world 

 the German Cockroach has obtained foothold, and its increase 

 in various parts of Europe and America suggests that in 

 Britain also it may yet prove more of a pest than it is to-day. 



IMPORTS WITH WHEAT 



Since secrecy is of the essence of pest distribution, many 

 of the imported skulkers had become widely spread before 

 their identity or even their existence was recognized, so 

 that definite trace of their original place of habitation has 

 been lost, and we can only urge their known habits and 

 their wide distribution in plea of the thesis that they have 

 been introduced and dispersed by commerce. The number 

 of these introductions is so large and their own size and 

 interest is as a rule so small, that it is impossible here to do 

 more than indicate a few of special interest, either because 

 of the importance of their human relationships, or because 

 of the probability with which their history can be traced. 



Animals which feed upon wheat may be introduced 

 in several ways and at several particular stages of their 

 existence. Some insects slip into new countries as full- 

 blown adults, some as active larvae, others as resting 

 pupae ; some come, making no pretence of hiding, lying or 

 wandering openly amongst the grains they feed upon, while 



