THE RECOIL OF MAN'S INFLUENCE 517 



family settles into the steady responsibility borne by pastoral 

 tillers of the soil. Now new rights arise, justice comes to 

 replace the rule of might, communities become more per- 

 manent, social institutions become fixed and assume greater 

 importance, the earth itself becomes part of man's heritage, 

 and patriotism is born. 



It is easy to see how domestication has been a pre- 

 dominating factor in setting the civilization of the settled 

 herdsman-tiller above that of the independent solitary 

 cultivator. Where at first man's own labour tilled a meagre 

 plot or two in the easiest land, his yoke of oxen ploughed far 

 and wide across the plain, and by the labour of his beasts, 

 land, which from its nature lay beyond the power of his arm, 

 was added to his fields. A new wealth arose, more food 

 flowed to his granary, his animals multiplied, and with their 

 multiplication still more fields were added and more wealth 

 accrued. And so came a time when, relieved of the necessity 

 of the daily drudgery of the bread-winner, the choice spirits 

 of the community were free to turn their attention to the 

 development of the arts and sciences, and culture was sped 

 upon its way. 



At the heart of the secret of civilization lies the domes- 

 tication of animals, training man unconsciously in the ways 

 of government and control, adding a new tenderness and 

 regard for life to his nature, guiding him from barbarism to 

 civilization, and impelling him along the ascending pathway 

 of humanity with a force he has been slow to recognize and 

 acknowledge. 



So the study of Man's influence upon animals ends where 

 it began with Man. 



