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coupled with a knowledge of the 'why' as well as the 'how'; on the other 

 is the man who mechanically grinds away his existence, who is pessimistic of 

 the future and who is satisfied so long as he 'makes a living.' One is the man 

 who is cheerful and cannot fail to succeed, the other the man of doleful mien 

 who expects nothing, and who, in all probability, will not be disappointed. 

 To lessen the number of the latter type and to increase that of the former, 

 a number of institutions have been established in Canada, some of the more 

 important of which may be mentioned. 



AGRICULTURAL COLLEGES. 



There are in Canada at the present time, four English agricultural colleges 

 The Ontario Agricultural College at Guelph, Macdonald College at Ste. Anne de 

 Bellevue, Que., Truro Agricultural College at Truro, N.S., and the Manitoba 

 Agricultural College at Winnipeg. There are also two French agricultural 

 colleges in the province of Quebec at La Trappe and at Ste. Anne de le Pocatiere, 

 both of which are doing valuable work. 



Not only do these colleges train the student in such a manner that he returns 

 to the farm, or to professional life as the case may be, with a wider knowledge 

 of both the practical and the scientific sides of his own particular subject, but 

 they also give him a thorough training in many other subjects which, while 

 not perhaps directly associated with farming or fruitgrowing, yet should not 

 be left out of any up-to-date agricultural curriculum. 



The horticultural departments of these colleges are under the direction 

 of men who are thoroughly trained in their subjects and in imparting their 

 knowledge to others. Practical work is given to the students in all horticultural 

 operations, supplemented by lectures in the classroom. In the laboratories 

 a scientific study is made of entomology, botany, pathology, chemistry, physics, 

 bacteriology, &c., in fact of all those subjects which help to explain many of 

 the phenomena of fruit culture, the troubles to be encountered and the remedial 

 measures to be adopted. 



Field work is also carried on quite extensively, Experiments are conducted 

 with the object of securing reliable data along all lines of orcharding, the most 

 suitable varieties, the best methods of cultivation, the most valuable spray 

 mixtures, and so forth. Such information is also published either in bulletins 

 or in some distributive form, so that it may be of value to outside interested 

 parties as well as the students in attendance. 



During the winter months, short courses are held in horticulture, animal 

 and cereal husbandry, poultry-keeping and other practical subjects, and to men 

 who cannot afford to spend a whole winter at one of these colleges, such courses 

 are extremely useful, for while they cannot include many of the details connected 

 with these various subjects, yet they enable the practical man to secure a good 

 deal of valuable information which he may subsequently use to good advantage. 



These colleges can naturally only be of value to a very limited number of 

 fruitgrowers and others, yet they are one of the greatest assets of this agricultural 

 country. It is sincerely to be hoped that the number at present in operation 

 will be doubled in the not too distant future, and that they may receive all the 

 support which, from their very nature and purpose, they fully deserve. 



EXPERIMENTAL FARMS. 



Since the inception of the Central Experimental Farm at Ottawa in 1888, 

 the Federal Government, realizing the valuable service which such institutions 

 were likely to perform, has established a number of branch farms in various 

 parts of the Dominion, until to-day there are fourteen such farms or stations 

 either in operation or in a state of development. These are located at the follow- 

 ing places in the various provinces: 



