32 HOUSEHOLD INSECTS 



door of the kitchen, and they do not gather on the porch 

 screen door any more than anywhere else because there 

 is no warm air or odor there. 



REFERENCES TO ECONOMIC LITERATURE ON THE HOUSE-FLY 



1836. SPENCE, WILLIAM. Observations on a mode practiced in 



Italy of excluding the common house fly from apartments. 



Trans. Ent. Soc., London, Vol. 1, pp. 1-7. 

 1869. PACKARD, A. S. Observations on the anatomy and life 



history of the house fly. Amer. Nat., Vol. 2, pp. 638-640. 

 1874. On the transformations of the common house fly 



with notes on allied forms. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., Vol. 



16, pp. 136-150. 



1896. BUTLER, E. A. Household insects, p. 172. 

 1896. HOWARD, L. O. The principal household insects of the 



United States. Bull. 4, n. s., Bu. Ent., U. S. Dept. Agri., pp. 



43-47. 

 1896. LUGGER, OTTO. The housefly. Bull. 48, Minn. Expt. Stat, 



pp. 173-183. 



1898. HOWARD, L. O. Further notes on the house fly. Bull. 

 10, n. s., Bu. Ent., U. S. Dept. Agri. pp. 63-65. 



1898. - House flies. Circ. 35, s.s., Bu. Ent., U. S. Dept. Agri., 

 pp. 1-8. 



1899. NUTTALL, H. F. On the role of insects, arachnids, and 

 myriapods as carriers in the spread of bacterial and parasitic 

 diseases of man and animals. Johns Hopkins Hospital 

 Reports, Vol. VIII, pp. 1-152. 



1900. REED, WALTER, VAUGHAN, V. C., and SHAKESPEARE, E. O. 

 Abstract of Report on the origin and spread of typhoid fever 



in the U. S. military camps during the Spanish war of 1898. 

 Washington Government Printing Office. 



1900. HOWARD, L. O. A contribution to the study of the insect 

 fauna of human excrement. Proc. of the Wash. Acad. of Sci., 

 Vol. II, pp. 541-600. 



1901. The carriage of disease by flies. Bull. 30, n. s., Bu. Ent., 



U. S. Dept. Agri., 1901, pp. 39-45. 



