346 HOUSEHOLD INSECTS 



have already pointed out that the larvae cannot live in 

 deep quiet water. Conradi also found that he could 

 destroy the larvae in swift shallow streams by sweeping 

 them from the rocks with stiff brooms. He says that miles 

 of such breeding grounds can be swept with a stable broom 

 in a day. If the larvae are carried into deep quiet water, 

 they die, but if into other shallow places, they reattach 

 themselves and go on developing. 



REFERENCES TO ECONOMIC LITERATURE ON BLACK-FLIES 



1850. AGASSIZ, Louis. Lake Superior, its physical character, 



vegetation, and animals, pp. 34, 61. 

 1887. RILEY, C. V. Buffalo gnats. Rept. U. S. Comm. Agri. 



for the year 1886, pp. 492-517. 

 1899. HERRICK, GLENN W. Some insects injurious to stock and 



remedies therefor. Bull. 53, Miss. Expt. Stat., pp. 1-8. 

 1901. NEEDHAM, J. G., and BETTEN, C. Aquatic insects in the 



Adirondacks. Bull. 47, N. Y. State Mus., pp. 408, 574. 

 1904. WEED, C. M. Experiments in destroying black-flies. 



Bull. 112, New Hampshire Expt. Stat., pp. 1-4. 



1904. WEBSTER, F. M. The suppression and control of the 

 plague of buffalo gnats, etc. Proc. 25th Ann. Meet. Soc. 

 Promotion Agri. Sci., pp. 53-72. 



1905. CONRADI, A. F. Black-fly studies. Bull. 52, U. S. Dept. 

 Agri., Bu. Ent., pp. 100-101. 



1910. SANDERSON, E. D. Controlling the black-fly in the White 



Mountains. Jr. EC. Ent., Vol. 3, pp. 27-29. 

 1910. SAMBON, L. W. Progress report on the investigation of 



pellagra. Jour. Trop. Med. and Hygiene, Vol. XIII, pp. 271- 



282, 287-300, 305-315, 319-321. 

 1912. GARMAN, H. A preliminary study of Kentucky localities in 



which pellagra is prevalent, etc. Bull. 159, Kentucky Expt. Stat. 

 1912. FORBES, S. A. On black-flies and buffalo gnats (Simulium) 



as possible carriers of pellagra in Illinois. 27th Rept. of the 



State Ent. 111., pp. 21-55. 

 For further bibliography see the foregoing paper by Forbes. 



