36 



NATURAL HISTORY OF INSECTS. 



lip (labrum, Figs. 104 and 105) *f ; the lower lip (labium, Fig. 

 106)*f ; ' the upper jaws (mandibles)* \ ; and the lower jaws 

 (maxilldi)* \ . These different organs are arranged as follows ; 



The upper and lower dots represent the upper and lower lip, 

 respectively ; the two dots below the upper one represent 

 the upper jaws, while the two dots below these represent the 

 lower jaws. The upper lip is attached to the lower edge of 

 the face, and aids the insect in retaining the food in the mouth 

 during the process of mastication. 



Fig. 106. 



Fig. 108. 



Fig. 109. 



Next to the upper lip are the upper jaws, which consist of 

 two hard and more or less curved pieces (Figs. 107, 108, 109 

 and 110)*f; which open arid shut sidewise, instead of up and 

 down, as the jaws of animals do ; these are the true biting and 

 masticating organs. 



Fig. 112. 



Fig. 123 



Next to these are the lower jaws, which are much softer 

 than the upper ones; like them they open and shut sidewise, 



See Fig. 89 



t See Fig. 108 



