CHAP. VI. THE IMAGO STATE 



39 



The greater number of insects, in the perfect state, are pro- 

 vided with two pairs of wings. 



In the Beetles the wings of the first pair are of a hard, bony 

 texture, and meet in a straight line or suture on the back (Fig. 

 118); they are sometimes smooth, but are frequently covered 

 with small humps (hence termed rugose), or with longitudinal 

 ridges or strife (Fig. 119); they are nearly always covered 



Fig. 11: 



Fig. 119. 



Fig. 120. 



with small impressed dots or punctures (Fig. 120), as if pricked 

 with the point of a pin; sometimes the outer edge of each wing 

 is turned upward, which portion is then called the epipleura. 

 These, the first pair of wings, are termed "wing-cases" (elytra), 

 and are never used in flying. 



Fig. 121. 



In Grasshoppers, Crickets and in some kinds of Bugs the 

 anterior wings are of more or less firm and leathery texture; 

 in the Grasshoppers and kindred insects the front wings are 

 sometimes called the tegmina, while in the true Bugs these 

 organs have received the name of hemelylra. 



The Butterflies and the greater number of Moths have the 



