CHAP. XI. HOW TO IDENTIFY THE ORDERS OF INSECTS. C3 



If the mouth-parts are formed for sucking, and in the form 

 of a beak (as in the Dotted-legged Plant-bug, Fig. 20), and the 

 insect is provided with four wings, it belongs to the Order 

 Hemiptera, which is divided into two Sub-orders Homoptera 

 and Heteroptera. 



If the beak issues from the anterior part of the under side 

 of the head, and the fore or upper wings are thicker at the 

 base than at the tip or apex, and lie flatly on the back, over- 

 lapping each other (as those of the Spined Soldier-bug, Fig. 

 114), the insect belongs to the Sub-order Heteroptera. 



But if the beak issues from the posterior part of the under 

 side of the head, and the anterior wings are of the same texture 

 throughout, and when at rest are held over the back, present- 

 ing the appearance of a steep roof (as those of the Hop Aphis, 

 Fig. 157, 2 ), the insect belongs to the Sub-order Homoptera. 



If the insect is provided with only two wings, and the m ou th 

 parts are formed for sucking (as the Horse Bot-fly; Fig. 179), 

 it belongs to the Order Diptera, as this is 

 the single Order of insects having only two 

 wings, and the mouth-parts formed for 

 sucking or lapping. 



The Fleas were formerly regarded as 

 comprising a distinct Order, called Apha- 

 niptera, but most modern authors class 

 them with the Diptera. 



Bed-bugs are placed in the Order Hemiptera, as their mouth- 

 parts are beak-like. 



The Head-lice and Body-lice are also placed in the Order 

 Hemiptera, since their mouth-parts form a bead-like sucker. 

 Chicken-lice, and generally those infesting fowls and animals, 

 although they have biting jaws, are placed in the order Order 

 Hemiptera, and seem to connect this Order with the Orthoptera, 



Besides, there are wingless insects belonging to nearly every 

 Order of insects, but these, in most cases, can be easily classi- 

 fied according to the structure of their mouth-parts. 



Ths names of the different Orders end in ptera (meaning 



