72 NATURAL HISTORY OF INSECTS. 



hind wings produced into a broad tail, and are hollowed out 

 next the body (as the Turnus-butterfly, Fig. 190); the ante- 

 rior pair of tibiae have a stout spur near the middle of each. 



These Butterflies are usually of a large size, and their colors 

 are mostly yellow and black. 



Their caterpillars live exposed upon the leaves (such as the 

 caterpillar of the Turnus-butterfly, Fig. 49); sometimes spin- 

 ning a web upon the upper surface of a leaf, upon which they 

 rest when not feeding. When about to change to a pupa they 

 suspend themselves by the hind part of the body and by a 

 transverse loop of silken threads passed around the fore part 

 of the body. 



Fig. 192. 



WHITE AND YELLOW BUTTERFLIES (Pieridse). These But- 

 terflies have the hind wings rounded behind, that is not tailed, 

 and the inner margin is concave; the anterior tibise are desti- 

 tute of a spur at the middle; the colors are white and black 

 (as those of the Imported Cabbage-butterfly, Fig. 191), or 

 yellow and black, sometimes tinged with green. Their cater- 

 pillars live exposed on the leaves ( as that, Fig. 192, a, of the 

 Imported Cabbage-butterfly), and when about to enter the pupa 

 state they suspend themselves by the hind part of the body 

 and a transverse loop of silken threads (Fig. 192, b). They 

 are generally naked or nearly so; their color is usually green. 



FOUR-FOOTED BUTTERFLIES (Nymphalidse). These Butter- 

 flies usually have the hind wings rounded (as the Tawny 



