74 NATURAL HISTORY OF INSECTS. 



selves by the hind part of the body (Figs. 79 and 80). The 

 Archippus-butterfly (Fig. 81) belongs to this family. 



THECLA AND COPPER BUTTERFLIES (Lycdenidse). These are 

 are small butterflies of a blue, brown, or black color, and in a 

 few species the hind wings are furnished with one or two very 

 slender tails; the hind wings are hollowed out next the body, 

 and the hind tibiae are furnished with only one pair of spurs. 



Their caterpillars live exposed upon the leaves of plants, and 

 are usually naked, of a green color, and nearly destitute of 

 feet. When about to change to pupa3, they suspend them- 

 selves by the hind part of the body and by a transverse loop 

 of silken threads passed around the fore part of the body. 



SKIPPERS (Hesperidse). These Butterflies have large heads 

 and thick bodies; when at rest the hind wings are usually 

 spread out, while the fore ones are brought together over the 

 back ; the middle tibiae are furnished with a pair of spurs near 

 the middle of each, and the hind tibiae frequently have a pair 

 of spurs at the middle and another pair at the tips; the claws 

 at the end of the feet have a deep notch in the middle. 



These insects fly with a rapid jerking motion; the colors are 

 mostly black and brown. 



Their caterpillars are commonly naked and spindle-shaped, 

 with the head much wider than the fore part of the first seg- 

 ment of the body ; they usually live between two or more 

 leaves fastened together with silken threads. They change to 

 pupae in their cases, and the chrysalids are smooth and taper 

 at one end, and are usually covered with a bluish powder. 



CLASS II. MOTHS. (Heterocera.) 



These insects are divided intonime Families, as follows: 



HAWK-MOTHS (Sphingidse). These moths have the body 

 stout and spindle-shaped; the wings are strong, long and nar- 

 row, and sometimes partly transparent; the hind wings are 

 usually not more than one-half as long as the fore wings; the 

 head is not sunken into the thorax; the palpi are very stout 

 and hairy, and are placed close together; the antennae are 



