88 NATURAL HISTORY OF INSECTS. 



Family contains the Hessian-fly (Fig. 17), Wheat Midge (Fig. 

 229), etc. 



CRANE-FLIES (Tipulidx). These insects are usually of large 

 size, and have very long, slender legs; the wings frequently 

 have a discal cell, the ocelli are generally wanting, the tibiae 

 are not set with spines, although often spurred at the tip. In 

 the genus Chionea the wings are wanting. The larvae gener- 

 ally live in the ground and feed upon the roots of plants, but 

 in. a few species they are aquatic. (See Figs. 8 and 168.) 



Fig. 228. Fig. 229. 



1 



FLEAS (Pulicidae). These insects are destitute of wings, 

 and the eyes are simple. This Family contains the Fleas, etc. 

 One Species, the Chigoe or Jigger, burrows beneath the skin of 

 man and of other animals. 



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CLASS II. SHORT-HORNED FLIES. (Brachycera.) 



HORSE-FLIES (Tabanidse). These insects have a perfect 

 discal cell in their wings, the third longitudinal vein is forked, 

 and the third joint of the antennae is destitute of a style or 

 bristle. The larvae are aquatic, or live in damp situations, 

 and commonly feed upon snails, etc.; the pupae are covered 

 (obtected). The female flies subsist on the blood of animals, 

 while the males feed upon the nectar of flowers. The Black 

 Horse-fly (Fig. 230) belongs to this Family. 



SYRPHUS-FLIES (Syrphidse). These flies have a perfect discal 

 cell in each wing, the first posterior cell is closed, and there 

 is usually a spurious or false vein extending part of the way 



