No. 151.] 183 



There is a very ingenious machine for braiding whips, which un- 

 der the old (lispersation of horse power for transportation by wagons, 

 was a very important machine; happily, the black steam pony does 

 not require its use. The whip-makers have suffered with the tanner. 



On the subject of intelligence, we notice with unusual pride, a 

 small machine invented by Professor Morse, by which his system of 

 electro telegraph is made perfect. We are glad of the opportunity 

 of paying a merited compliment to the genius of a man whose name 

 will be handed down to future generations side by side with the 

 name of Franklin, and the opportunity also of showing in what re- 

 spects the merit of the discovery consists. The idea of transmit- 

 ting intelligence by means of electro magnetism is said to have ori- 

 ginated in this country and in Europe at about the same time. Pro- 

 fessor Wheatstone proposed a separate magnet, and consequently, a 

 separate circuit for each character to be represented; that is, a wire 

 extending from the negative pole of the battery, the place of begin- 

 ning, to a magnet at the distant point or place of execution, and 

 there, after forming a helix around the magnet in order to create it, 

 to return back again to the positive pole of the battery. 



In this way to represent the twenty-four letters of the alphabet, ten 

 numerals and five or six punctuation marks, it would require forty 

 double wires; or in other words, equal to eighty wires, as now used 

 by Professor Morse, and these so constructed with keys, (similar to 

 music keys,) that each key representing the letters, &c., might be 

 made to act singly at the distant station, in framing the language de- 

 sired to be transmitted. The principal objection to this plan is its 

 great expense. 



Another plan suggested in Europe, was, by producing the deflec- 

 tion of a needle; in the use of the common electrometer, in which a 

 single circuit only was used, (two wires.) but which was attended 

 with many difficulties. The deflection being produced by more or 

 less intensity of magnetism, involved the necessity of a different de- 

 gree for each sign. Thus, for A, the pointer must move to No. 1 of 

 the dial; B, to No. 2, and so on until all the numbers were exhausted, 

 when he had recourse to a double move; that is, first to one number 

 and then to another, to represent a character. The difficulty and con- 

 fusion of this plan may easily be imagined. A person must always 

 be on the spot to note the movement of the pointer. If taken cor- 

 rectly and given correctly, well; but if mistakes occur, they cannot 



