No. 151.] 541 



succeeding crop of grass. Here is the fact of like to like verified. 

 The old grass and the manure formed from grass and hay remains, 

 to furnish the means for new grass and hay. Here is the exemplifi- 

 cation of the great rule, of returning to the soil that which you have 

 aken from it. Cows, especially, do not like confinement, as requir- 

 ed by the soiling plan. They love a quiet pasture, shade, drink from 

 the natural streams, facility of brushing off flies among the bushes, 

 and rubbing against trees. Soiling may be necessary near a city, 

 "where land is dear and farms contracted; but in this country, it can- 

 not be necessary to confine our cattle for many years yet to comej 

 our farms generally afford room and range for them. 



Judge Van Wyck — In grazing, the grass and litter protects the 

 surface of the soil from sun in the summer, and drenching rains and 

 severe winds and frosts of winter, a great benefit to it. I have tried 

 carrots as food for my cows, and on them one cow yielded five pounds 

 of butter a week, of a fine yellow color, rich and fine like Orange 

 county butter, and this in winter. We may talk as we please to our 

 farmers, but they will pursue the course which is most profitable. 



Mr. Lodge — Give to ruminating animals roots morning and even- 

 ing, and hay or an equivalent between their meals. Carrots are ex- 

 cellent food for them, and can be raised in great quantities. I have 

 raised four hundred bushels of carrots en one-quarter of an acre of 

 land. When the crop is growing thin out and feed the young car- 

 rots to the stock. I have raised the Belgian white carrots, which 

 in England have grown in some instances to the weight of fourteen 

 pounds each. Here they can be made to average two or three pounds 

 each, say two pounds; that would be over forty thousand pounds per 

 acre. In their culture, till the land deep; it must be manured well 

 the year before, for fresh manure is apt to canker the young carrots. 

 Pass the cultivator through the rows every ten days, hand hoe the 

 field every three weeks, thin out until at last the carrots stand nearly 

 a foot apart in the rows, which should be about two feet apart. Par- 

 snips are very good for sows with young, and parsnips stand the 

 hardest winter in the ground. 



Go spiritedly into the root crops. Horses and cows do not much 

 like parsnips. 



Chairman — Feed stock as you will, the great heat of July and 

 August will make them fall off in their flesh, even when fed in the 

 richest fields of clover. 



