152 [Assembl? 



to my milch cows, which are never allowed to leave the yard. To 

 supply the constant waste of the muscles, it is necessary that the 

 food should contain gluten, and phosphorus is necessary to supply 

 the waste from the bones j saline matters, chlorides, &c , to replace 

 matters lo"<t in the ordure. Your food therefore must contain a va- 

 riety of substances lo make up for the daily loss by respiration and 

 excretion. You must not attempt to raise stock by the use of one 

 kind of food, notwithstanding it may contain every requisite required 

 by the animal to form his whole economy, for the reason that it can- 

 not contain a sufficient quantity of each ingredient, to supply his 

 daily requirements; by changing his food you change the propor- 

 tions chemically speaking, and increase weight and fat as the 

 natural consequence. The most important of the slock farmer's 

 object is to make his animal fit for the butcher in the shortest possi- 

 ble time, and this can q/ily be eifected by mixed food, containing the 

 necessary ingredients. Commence with a young animal and feed 

 him food containing a large quantity of the phosphates, and his 

 bones will become very large and strong. Feed him food containing 

 gluten and fibrin, and there will be a great increase of his muscles. 

 If you wish the animal to possess fine delicate bones, feed him with 

 food containing phosphates in small quantities and your object will 

 be gained. Starve your animals when young, and they never reach 

 their natural size. Calves during the first four weeks of their exist- 

 ence, principally, form bones and muscles; it would therefore be 

 advisable to place a small quantity of bean meal, or oil-cake in their 

 milk: at four weeks old, if intended for the butcher, they require all 

 the milk of the cow with its cream, besides linseed oil cake, linseed 

 meal, &,c. The reverse is the plan usually adopted in this state; the 

 cows milk is given for 2 or 3 weeks, after which the calf is fed 

 upon skimmed milk, which accounts for tlie stunted appearance of 

 our stock when 3 and 4 years old. If you intend the calves for 

 breeders or milkers, never stint them in their food, and they will 

 grow to a great size and be an ornament to your domain. A full 

 grown steer rejects in his excretions every 24 hours, about 23 oz. 

 of nitrogen; to supply this, the animal must eat, according to a 

 table prepared by Liebig, one or other of the following quantities of 

 food : 



120 lbs. of turnips, 17 lbs. of clover hay, 



115 " of wheat straw, 12 " of pea straw, 



75 " of carrots, 12 " of barley, 



67 " of potatoes, 10 " of oats, 



20 " of meadow hay,. 5 " of beans. 



