No. 216.] 773 



there does not appear to have been discovered either the cause or the 

 remedy. 



Chairman. And yet the early planted potatoes have been safe ? 



Judge Van Wyck. Not without exceptions, for two or three years 

 ago they also suffered. 



J. D. Williamson adverted to the full and voluminous report of 

 the Hon. Henry L Ellsworth, on this subject, and he remarked that 

 in the south of the United States there had been no potato disease. 



Mr. Wakeman stated that the Trustees of the Institute had ap- 

 pointed as delegates from the Institute to the state Agricultural So- 

 ciety, at its meeting in Albany on the 19th inst., all our representa- 

 tives in Senate and Assembly, and some other citizens. That we 

 earnestly desire to have the County of N. York, whose agricultural 

 interests are in a great measure committed to us, ably and perfectly 

 represented in the State Society. 



Chairman. — The Club is reminded that our regular subject is now 

 in order, to wit: Ploughing and Sub-soiling. 



Dr. Underbill. — Our common ploughing is wrong, too shallow, it 

 rather invites the roots of our crops to come up than to go down. 

 In our hot climate we can hardly get the roots down too low. The 

 surface of soil is generally dark, or even black, while the subsoil is 

 light color. Plough this yellow subsoil up and the black soil down, 

 and you will soon find that these colors have changed places, the 

 yellow dirt becomes black and the elements of the black soil below 

 have worked up to the surface to do it. Take a door and put it on 

 a piece of dry ground, in hot weather, and in a short time you will 

 find the earth under it moist — it ascends. Even the clover leaf by 

 its horizontal position protects the soil and thus enriches it. The 

 clover leaves are in fact natural Gurneyism! Subsoiling is but ano- 

 ther name for deep ploughing. 



Mr. Wakeman. — Dr. in ploughing sod, which is the best method, 

 to lay it over flat, or partly on the edge? 



Dr. Underbill. — Turn it over flat, except in cold wet lands. 



Judge Van Wyck. — Pulverizing the soil is the great object, so 

 as to admit the roots of plants to extend their searches after their 



