No. 216.] 777 



Dr. Underbill. I prune my orchards in February, but then I corer 

 the large wounds with plaster. If I had time, I should prefer to 

 prune them in March or April. 



I\Ir. Pike. I wanted some grafting done, and a wagon with three 

 men appeared at my place from Ohio. The principal agreed to 

 graft for me at four dollars the hundred, and to call on me next July 

 and be paid for all that should take. He put in two hundred grafts 

 for me in an hour and a half. And in Ju^y called for his pay. Not 

 five in a hundred had failed. 



Columella. Turnips must be taken into consideration for they fill 

 the bellies of the rustics, and are grown for oxen especially in win- 

 ter. The turnip loves mild, sandy, gra\elly land. Sow the seed 

 last of August or beginning of September, 



Pliny says that he had seen turnips weighing forty pounds each, 

 and some others affirm that they had seen some still larger. Greeks 

 called it gongalus from its round form. 



Columella. Fodder of clover, betechs, green barley, lucerne, oats, 

 peas. 



Columella, speaking of Agricultural education, says that it is 

 essentially necessary, " nothing (says he) equals my surprise when I 

 consider that when those who desire to learn to speak well, select an 

 orator whose eloquence may serve them as a model ; while those who 

 are anxious to learn, or to become good musicians, employ a dancing 

 or music master, in short that every one looks for the best master 

 in order to make the best progress under his instructions; the most 

 important Science, tke next to that of ivisdom, has neither pupils nor 

 teachers. I have seen schools established for teaching rhetoric, ge- 

 ometry, music, dancing, &c., but yet I have never seen a master to 

 teach agriculture, nor a pupil to lean it. 



Mr. Handcock. The Russian ^Agricultural Exhibition in J^Jos- 

 cow, in 1847.. There was an exhibition of all sorts of manufactures, 

 giving to those connected with agriculture a pre-eminence, such as 

 the raw material's exhibited in the first saloon, viz: flax, hemp, and 

 wool, and among the latter were admirable samples from the Baltic, 

 and from the Southern Provinces of the Empire. These articles me- 

 rited the first rank in the exhibition on account of their great nation- 

 al importance. 



