No 144.] 525 



Mr. Waring has seen roots extend mucli further than the 

 height of the tree. 



Prof. Mapes has seen a root of a tree reach across Broad-street, 

 at Newark, 200 feet long- This is not a common thing. 



Subjects adopted for next meeting—" Mauuresj" " Spring top 

 dressing of grass and grain;" " New tools for root culture ;" and 

 " Drainage." 



The distribution of seed was made. Several members took 

 Colza seeds for trial out of the parcels sent to this Club by the 

 Light-house Department of the United States. Members were 

 requested to continue the practice of bringing some of their best 

 grafts, cuttings, and seeds, for exchange with each other at every 

 spring Club. None but good ones are likely to be brought. And 

 each contributor of one sort may take away a great many others. 



ADVANCEMENT OF ULTIMATES BY THEIR USE IN 

 ORGANIC NATURE. 



Prof. Mapes said— It is well known that analysis has proved, 

 beyond dispute, that all substances in nature are composed of 

 sixty-four simples, which may be considered as having existed 

 in the chaotic period in a divided or aeriform shape, and we first 

 find all these substances in rocks. By the debris of these rocks 

 soils were formed, and hence all these substances are found in 

 soils, and the admixture of these soils and the movement of the 

 rocks from place to place, have occurred by convulsions of the 

 earth's surface, change of position oMarge masses of water, etc. 



We next notice these simple substances occupying their places 

 in vegetable and animal matter ; but still find large quantities 

 contained in rocks in their primitive form. We also know that 

 any of these substances separated from the rocks may, by chemi- 

 cal means, be produced in what is usually termed a pure form; 

 thus, if a magnesian rock be dissolved in sulphuric acid, and the 

 clear supernatant fluid be evaporated, chrystalization will take 

 place, and these crystals will be the sulphate of magnesia (Epsom 

 salts.) So also, if we take that mineral known as chlor apatite, 

 which is composed of phosphoric acid and lime, and known as 



