THE TRAINING OF A FORESTER 



microscope, with the minute anatomy of the 

 woody stem of coniferous and hroadleaf 

 trees, and the occurrence, form, structure, 

 and variability of the elements which make 

 it up. He should become familiar with the 

 methods of classifying the economic woods 

 of the United States, both under the micro- 

 scope and with the unassisted eye, and for 

 this purpose should know something of 

 their color, gloss, grain, density, odor, and 

 resonance both as aids to identification and 

 as to their importance in giving value to the 

 wood; the defects of timber; its moisture 

 content, density, shrinking, checking, warp- 

 ing; and the effect of all these upon its uses. 

 The chemical composition of wood and of 

 minor forest products, such as tannins and 

 dye stuffs, is important; the properties 

 governing the fuel value and the other 

 values of wood must be studied, as well 

 as the methods of using these properties in 

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