Reports of Judges. 9X 



analysis of trials. 



As it is desirable, in some cases, to use a steam pump as a steam 

 engine, the committee arranged and examined the pumps in two 

 sections — (1) simple steam pumps without cranks, and (2) combined 

 steam pumps and engines with cranks. 



First section: Niagara, direct acting pump; Knowles direct act- 

 ing pump. 



Second section: Woodward crank pump: Clayton crank pump; 

 Niagara crank pump. 



First Section. — Comparing the result of the Niagara and Knowles 

 pumps, we find that the latter delivered the largest percentage of 

 the calculated quantity (average of the results of the fii'st and 

 second trials); but the Niagara discharged the greatest number of 

 gallons per horse power per minute. 



On the trial for economy, both using the same quantity of steam, 

 and at the same pressure, the Niagara pump delivered 694 cubic 

 feet, and the Knowles delivered 521, against a pressure equal to 

 that in the boiler. 



Comparing pumps of the same size by these makers, the maxi- 

 mum and minimum rates of discharge would undoubtedly be sub- 

 stantially the same. 



The Niagara was stopped, its pump valves shown, and the pump 

 started again in forty-two seconds. The Knowles required for the 

 same, thirteen minutes and forty-five seconds. This would be an 

 important difference on shipboard, when, in time of danger, pump 

 valves are liable to choke every few minutes. 



The Knowles pump is tasty in appearance, and excellent in 

 design. The workmanship is uniformly superior, and reflects great 

 credit on the manufacturers. The Niagara shows no attempt at 

 finish or external workmanship; but from the given results we 

 judge that the essential parts are well fitted. They therefore 

 decide for the first section: First premium, the Niagara direct act- 

 ing pump, made by Campbell & Hardick Brothers, Brooklyn, L. I. 

 Second premium, Knowles direct acting pump, built by Knowles 

 & Sibley, Warren, Mass. 



Second Section. — In regard to the combined steam pumps and 

 engines, the foregoing tables show that the Clayton was slightly 

 Ihe most economical in the cost of horse-power, and second best 

 lA the time required to show its valves. But this pump did not 

 deliver one-half as much water as the other pumps using the same 



