Q*^ Transactions of the A^rERicAN Institute. 



pressure of steam. The Woodward pump delivered more water 

 per horse-power than the Niagara crank; but the cost of each horse- 

 power was greater, so that the Niagara gave the best economical 

 results. The Woodward falls behind slightly, too, in the percent- 

 age delivered of the pump piston development. These difi'erences 

 are, however, so small that we may consider that pumps of equal 

 size would be substantially equal in economy and rates of dis- 

 charge. 



In the trial to ascertain the time required to show the pump 

 valves, the Niagara was running again in forty-three. seconds, while 

 the Woodward was twenty-one minutes and twenty-five seconds in 

 accomplishing the same object. The Niagara (crank) has, in addi- 

 tion, arrangements for disconnecting at will either the steam or 

 pump j)istons; so that the machine may be used either as a steam 

 pimip, a power pump, or a steam engine. This is an important 

 feature, which is entirely lacldng in the other pumps on exhibi- 

 tion. The Woodward has been long and favorably known. It is 

 strong, durable and reliable; but we consider that the Niagara 

 (crank) its equal in these respects; and, in addition, possesses the 

 advantages above mentioned. We, therefore, decide for the second 

 section: First premium, Niagara crank pump, manufactured by 

 Campbell & Hardick Brothers, Brooklyn, L. I.; second premium, 

 Woodward crank pump, made by the Woodward Steam Pump 

 Company, New York city. In addition to the foregoing awards, we 

 would recommend that there be given a first premium to Knowles 

 & Sibley, and a second premium to the Woodward Steam Pump 

 Company, for superior excellence in the workrnanship of the 

 articles exhibited by them in this group. 



EEMAKKS. 



A general impression is believed to exist that to make a reliable 

 steam pump, the reciprocating motion must be changed into a 

 rotary, by means of a crank. The early direct acting pumps, which 

 actuated the steam valve directly by tappets, could not success- 

 fully compete with crank pumps. But these trials prove conclu- 

 sively to us that for simple pumping purposes the improved direct 

 acting pumps on exhibition are superior to any crank pump. The 

 improvement which has made these pumps a success consists in 

 actuating the main steam valve by a secondary movement, derived 

 from a special steam piston. 



