Proceedings of the Farmers' Club. 437 



when heaped a little. Be sure and not mix more at once than can 

 be put down in one length of rod. Put it in a wheelbarrow and 

 carry it to the ditch. Another man can throw it in, while the third, 

 in the bottom, with a trowel, spreads it evenly, in a straight line, 

 in a bed about two inches deep and four in width. When about 

 half the mixture is used, lay on the rod with the flexible end 

 inserted in the pipe, or till that enters the penstock; press it down 

 slightly, then carefully and smoothly cover the rod, making it two 

 inches or more on all sides; cover slightly with soil, to prevent 

 cracking by drying too fast. A few inches of the end of the rod 

 should be left out. Take hold of this, twisting it slightly, and, at 

 the same time, draw it out, leaving only the leather end in the tulje 

 thus made. The upper end of the rod is now laid up one side, 

 and the process repeated. If there are any angles, a short rod 

 will be necessary, and the ditch should be wider at such places. 

 Should it go over a knoll (which should not be higher than the 

 fountain, of course), I am told that at the highest point an open- 

 ing must be made; having no experience here, I cannot say. When 

 finished, see if it can be blown through, which will be some indica- 

 tion that it will cany water; but do not let any water through till 

 the ditch is filled, and even packed, at the lower end, or any place 

 where there is a pressure to raise the water. 



Mr. Wm. S. Carpenter thought that lead pipe half an inch in 

 diameter, could be put down for fifteen dollars per hundred feet, 

 and he did not believe the water would injure any one if it was 

 constantly kept running. 



Prof. Nash. — I am afraid the remark of Mr. Carpenter will do 

 damage. His water may not take up lead at all. 



Mr. J. C. Thompson. — ^By a recent invention iron pipes can be 

 used instead of lead. 



Dr. William B. Peck. — A tin pipe encased in lead is now being 

 made in this city by the Colwell, Shaw & Willard Mauufacturing 

 Company, which is perfectly hannless, and having the tin lining, 

 is much stronger than the ordinary lead pipe. 



Dr. J. E. Snodgrass. — People often swallow bullets and shot, 

 and yet are not injured. I do not believe that an}^ hurt comes from 

 using water that runs from lead pipes, because they soon become 

 coated with a substance that keeps the water from coming in con- 

 tact with the lead itself. 



Prof. Nash. — This question is one of great importance. Carbon- 

 ate of lead is a deadly poison. I know a family that used water 



