Proceedings of the Farmer^ Club. 433 



inside to the bottom, and the one end which should be closed. 

 Have a man at each end to lift it in the ditch, laying it one side 

 of the center; turn it over in the middle, press down the rod 

 immediately in the mixture to within three-fourths of an inch of 

 the bottom; now, with a trowel in each hand, and by walking 

 backward, press the mixture well against the sides of the rod the 

 whole length; then work it over the rod evenly, and of as nearly 

 equal thickness as possible; commence filling on each side of the 

 pipe, packing the dirt with the feet to the height of the pipe; then 

 cover it over with care, observing that no stones fall and puncture 

 the mixture while soft. After covering it a few inches deep, turn 

 the rod gently once or twice to prevent the cement adhering too 

 freely to it; fill up the ditch, draw out the rod, and proceed to 

 mix up as before, observing to leave a little in the tub with which 

 to add to the joint or connection; after pressing down the rod, 

 slope down the mixture a little at the end each time. Wherever 

 you wish to bring the water above ground, insert a lead pipe in 

 the side while the cement is soft; work a small flange on the end 

 of the lead, that the cement may hold it firmly; run it up a post 

 with a gain cut in it sufficient to receive the pipe; nail a board over 

 the gain-side of the post; box it around about one foot square, fill 

 it up with buckwheat chafi", and I deem it secure against frost, if 

 5'ou have a good supply of spring water, and, for aught I know, 

 for a century, so far as the cement is concerned. Do not admit 

 water in the pipe for two or three months after it is finished, unless 

 of a very light pressure. Place a fine strainer over the pipe at the 

 fountain. At this place a short piece of lead or iron pipe is con- 

 venient for starting. Two men will lay and fill about eight rods 

 of the ditch per day, which will require about one barrel of cement. 

 If a pipe of less caliber and light pressure, of course proportion- 

 ately less material will be required; hence, the cost is easily arrived 

 at in any locality, if the prices of labor and cement are known. 



Mr. N. C. Meeker. — The above is the old method, having been 

 in use twenty years and more. Livermore's patent of 1866 has a 

 sheet-iron pipe, lined with hydraulic cement, and also covered with 

 it, and the company in Massachusetts puts down one inch and a 

 half pipe at five dollars a rod; one inch, four dollars; twelve inch, 

 thirty-three dollars; and it is in use in many cities of that State. 

 More is charged if the head of water exceeds thirty feet of pres- 

 sure, for it seems the greater the pressure, the thicker must be the 

 pipe. 



