510 Transactions of the American Institute. 



remedied at the time of plashing by making a layer of a branch of 

 the next plant. 



The three-year old hedge left to itself, without cutting back, will 

 make a good shelter, will turn all stock except hogs, and on the 

 open prauie will make a first-rate wind break. 



BAKKT LICE. 



Mr. Levi Wilgus, West Libert}', Iowa. — My trees are covered 

 with insects. I have used lime water, but it does no good. 



Mr. A. S. Fuller. — There are two kinds of tree lice — the bark 

 and scale louse; the latter is worst, and when bad the tree might 

 as well be cut down. 



Mr. Wm. S. Carpenter. — One pound of potash dissolved in two 

 gallons of water, makes the best remedy, when applied as a wash. 



GIRDLED TREES. 



Mr. F. B, Doolittle, Delhi, Iowa. — I have had twenty-two years' 

 experience in the nursery business, and find that girdled trees may 

 be saved by applying grafting-wax to the wounds; but the cheapest 

 and most practical way is to bank up with mellow earth and to 

 make a mound large enough to accumulate moisture. 



Mr. Wm. S. Carpenter. — Practical orchardists have never saved 

 a tree when the bark has been taken entirely ofl' in the winter. In 

 June a tree may be completely girdled and no damage done. 



Mr. A. S. Fuller. — Cut awa}^ the edges of the wound till a fresh 

 healthy bark is seen, then take bark from the large limbs of any 

 tree of the same kind, and cut the edges so as to fit the gap exactly, 

 having the ends of the strips pressed against the fresh bark of the 

 tree; wind the whole tightly with a bandage, and Avhen circulation 

 is active the sap will pass through the bark, and the tree will grow 

 as well as ever; or twags with sharpened ends can be inserted 

 across, forming grafts. 



Mr. P. T. Quinn. — I never knew a tree saved unless by Mr. Fuller's 

 practice. People do not look closely. I know of a cherry tree 

 supported on four grafts or pillars, while the inside is hollow and 

 one can see through. 



DRAINAGE OF IMPERVIOUS CLAY SUBSOILS. 



Mr. David Boyd. Lenawee county, Mich. — To drain impervious 

 subsoils, we would recommend the following course: Let the field 

 be habitually plowed into narrow lands in the direction of the prin- 

 cipal full. Plow as deeplj' as possible, and allow the plow to go 

 down in the subsoil as far as possible, between the lauds. These 



