Proceedings of the Farmers' Club. 5 II' 



ruiTows may be filled by dragging or cultivating, but they will 

 allow water to work-away into the uuderdrains, which should be at 

 nearly right angles to the direction of these lauds. There should 

 be one main drain in the direction of the lands or of the principal 

 fall. This drain will be located at or near either side or center of 

 the field, according to the advantages that it may afibrd for reliev- 

 ing the cross-drains. Draining land in the direction of the principal 

 fall is the worst possible method. Let the lauds be plowed, as, 

 above suggested, in that direction, and furrowed-out deeply, and 

 these furrows changed from year to year. The cross-drains need 

 not be at regulai* iutervals, but coinciding with the lowest lines of 

 the undulations of the surface crossing the principal fall. Nor 

 need these cross-drains be all at the same angle to the principal 

 drain. They should coincide in direction with nature's deposits of 

 the soil. Lastly, in impervious clay subsoils, where there are no 

 springs, and where the object of draining is only to carry ofi' the 

 surface water, drains should not be deep; two feet and a half, in 

 my judgment, will be sufficient. This will be deep enough to keep 

 the tile (for it is tile I suppose to be used) from being disturbed 

 by the plow. 



CEMENT PIPE. 



Mr. S. L. Mofiatt, Blooming Grove, N. Y.— In 1856, I laid fifty 

 rods, with equal parts of cement and sand; ditch three feet deep, 

 and wide enough to work in. I then made a mold of side-boards, 

 eighteen inches long, four inches wide, four deep, fastened by a 

 strap of iron across and near each end, to keep in place. To com- 

 mence Avith, I used a short piece of lead pipe, put my mold in the 

 bottom of the ditch, and filled it half full; then inserted a smooth, 

 round stick into the lead pipe, filled up the mold, pressing the 

 cement well with a trowel; then lifted oflf the mold, and withdrew 

 the stick, and so proceeded. Adjourned. 



March 31, 1868. 

 Mr. Nathan C. Ely in the chair; Mr. Johk "W. Chambers, Secretary. 



Mr. Wm. A. Fitch read the following paper on the 



IJIPORTANCE OF WEIGHING, IN FARM EXPERIMENTS AND SALES. 



In farming operations there is micertainty which the sharpest 

 foresight cannot prevent, and which it can only partially modify. 

 The weather during an approaching season is always an unsolved 



