518 Transactions of the American Institute. 



ratioDS, he stretched out between the point of the share and the 

 base of the wing, and added to the top of the wing till it became 

 "lona Transformed," deep-worker. The office of this plow is to 

 follow the furrow made by its prototype, or any other turning plow 

 that will make a furrow of at least nine inches in width, and will 

 raise from the bottom a subsoil slice, and without placing it upon 

 the top of the preceding slice, will disintegrate it and thoroughly 

 comminute it, grinding it as it raises it against the previous furrow 

 slice, and mixing it with the fertile soil to the entire depth of the 

 track of the point of the share. This process is varied by the addi- 

 tion of accessory pieces on the side of the mold, which adapt it for 

 putting more or less soil at the bottom, and more or less subsoil at 

 the top, as may be desired. 



This plow performs the operation of half trenching, which is a 

 thorough mixing, in a trench of moderate depth, the soil and sub- 

 soil and fertilizers, and is a perfect plow in itself for this purpose, 

 to the depth of anything less than eighteen inches. In addition to 

 being preparatory, this plow is also supplementary to the use of 

 the great trench plow, as it contains the thorough mixing properties 

 which ai'e the chief glory of spade husbandry. This transformed plow 

 is probably the one that will be mostly bought at first, as the agricul- 

 turist goes slowly down to the point of thorough trenching. Then 

 he will want the great trench plow. This plow has the same nar- 

 row waist, but longer and has more curve to the upper or posterior 

 part of the mold board, Avhich turns the furrow and carries it 

 laterally and places it over and upon the previous slice. This 

 gi-eat trench plow mold board the doctor shaped in plaster with 

 the experience of a farmer and the careful study of a sculptor. It 

 is a beautiful thing to my eyes in the easy lines with which it 

 gently persuades the furrow slice to rise up, turn upside down and 

 roll over and upon its predecessor. This great trench plow hjis 

 been used at my home and it plowed a trench thirty-one inches, and 

 in one place three feet deep from top on the land side to the bot- 

 tom of the trench, leaving it quite clean, and laid the furrow firmly 

 on its predecessor. The average depth was twenty-two inches, it 

 being a strong piece of ground, and the draft was not excessive for 

 tAvo stout pairs of oxen, being from nine hundred to one thousand 

 five hundred pounds. I should say that three yoke of well trained 

 cattle are all that will be required to send the largest of these 

 plows to the extreme depth of twenty-four inches, even in quite 

 stony ground. They are also made with accessories that fit them 



