544 Transactions of the American Institute. 



iug to Mr. Quinby's last estimate, twenty-one cents and one-tenth; 

 fii'st estimate, forty-two cents and two-tenths. It will be seen that 

 in the estimate of cost of honey by the swarmer hive, it costs twice 

 as much per pound. Produced according to Mr. Quinby's best 

 estimate, it costs ten times as much, and by his first estimate, 

 tweut}'^ times as much as in the Eureka hive. 



Another consideration is worthy of notice. One year's consump- 

 tion by every colony, for breeding and for winter, cannot be less 

 than sixty pounds. 



One hundi-ed swarms will consume six thousand pounds, and 

 give five hundred pounds; one-thirteenth in surplus. Fifty swarms 

 will consume three thousand pounds, and give five hundred 

 pounds; one-seventh in surplus. Ten swarms will consume six hun- 

 dred pounds, and give five hundred pounds; fifty pounds less than 

 one-half in surplus. The four Eureka hives will consume two hun- 

 di'ed and forty pounds, and give five hundred pounds; twenty-six 

 pounds more than two-thirds in surplus. Further: A field that 

 would sustain one hundred swarms, and give five hundred pounds 

 surplus, if occupied by thirty-five swarms in Eureka hives, would 

 lose but two thousand and one hundred pounds for the sustaining 

 the swarms, and the keepers would receive five thousand three 

 hundred and seventy-five pounds in surplus. 



Shall we furnish our bees with facilities for their labor, that 

 secure to us more than two-thirds the fruits, or shall we be satisfied 

 with less than one-half, with one-seventh, or one-thirteenth? I 

 should add, two of the four colonies gave two swarms each. Pro- 

 duct of the four, four swarms and five hundred pounds of surplus. 



The regular subject was then taken up. 



DEEP TILLAGE. 



Dr. C. W. Grant, lona Island, N. Y. — In breaking up sod ground, 

 two methods of laying the slice obtain, each of which is adapted for 

 special purposes; one turns the furrow slices over flat, leaving the 

 newly plowed field as nearly level as possible. This leaves an 

 entirely new surface exposed to the atmosphere, and that the lower 

 portion of the slice that is most in need of the ameliorating action of 

 " weathering." Another consideration is that it stratifies in the 

 right direction to maintain homogenity in the portion subjected to 

 tillage. The importance of both of these conditions will come 

 under consideration again. The other method of placing the slice 

 is to turn it only to an angle of forty-five degrees, which leaves 



