Polytechnic Association Proceedings. 633 



Mount Hood was magnificent. The whole line of the cascade 

 range, extending from south to north not less than four hundred 

 miles, is at once under the eye. In this distance could be seen 

 seven snowy peaks. Eastward the Blue Mountains were in view, 

 and lying between are the broad plains watered by the Deschutes, 

 John Day's and Umatilla rivers. On the west, the piney crests of 

 the coast range, cut clear against the sky, with the Willamette val- 

 ley sleeping in quiet beauty at their feet. The broad silver belt 

 of the Columbia winds through the evergreen valley toward the 

 ocean. Within these limits is every variety of mountain and val- 

 ley, lake and prairie, bold beetling precipices, and gi-aceful rounded 

 summits, blending and melting away into each other. Mr. Hines 

 confirms the account given some time since in our columns of the 

 vast precipice on one side of Mount Hood. He found the very 

 top of the mountain was so sharp that it was impossible to stand 

 erect upon it. Its northeni face is an escarpment, several thousand 

 feet high. He could only lie down on its southern slope, and, 

 holding fii'mly to the rocks, look down the awful depth. 



SUGAK MADE BY OSMOSE. 



The tendency to diffusibility in liquids separated by a porous 

 septa, has been successfully used in applying this osmose principle 

 to the manufacture of beet-root sugar in France. The apparatus 

 invented by Dubrunfant, in 1863, called the osmogene, is on exhi- 

 bition, in its most improved form, at the Paris Exposition. It 

 occupies a space of a little more than four feet square, and is of 

 the height required for distributing vessels for water and molasses. 

 It contains fifty or sixty frames, forming partitions about four-tenths 

 of an inch thick, and containing bars and cords to support the sheets 

 of parchment paper which are used as septa. The water-frames, 

 alternate with those containing molasses or sirups. Each frame 

 has two apertures, one giving passage to hot water and the other 

 to sirup, so that from two contiguous partitions water and sirup are 

 obtained. The two liquids start from the height of about forty 

 inches, arrive at the base of the apparatus, and ascend in order to 

 leave the higher orifice at a temperature of seventy to eighty 

 degrees. Cent. Circulation is also given in a contrary direction. 

 The machinery which is used in supplying liquids is stopped every 

 second day for washing the interior of the apparatus, first with 

 hydrochloric acid, and afterward with a jet of steam, which requires 

 about foiu' or five hours, and on which the success of the whole 



